Modern Indian History

India played its first official Test match against England at Lord's in 1932, led by C.K. Nayudu. This was India's debut in Test cricket, marking the beginning of India's Test cricket journey. 1721 is too early, 1933 was their second Test, and 1952 was much later.

Jawaharlal Nehru wrote 'The Discovery of India' during his imprisonment at Ahmednagar Fort in 1944-1945. It's a comprehensive exploration of India's history, culture, and philosophical heritage.

Abhinava Bharat was organized by V.D. Savarkar in 1904 as a secret society of revolutionaries fighting for Indian independence. Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki were revolutionary martyrs but not founders of this society. Bhagat Singh was active later in the 1920s.

The Deccan Educational Society was founded in 1884 by Mahadev Govind Ranade along with other social reformers. While Tilak, Gokhale, and Dadabhai Naoroji were all prominent figures in India's freedom struggle and education, M.G. Ranade was specifically the founder of this particular society. The society aimed to promote national education.

Individual Satyagraha was launched by Gandhi in 1940 as a limited protest method against British refusal to concede Indian demands. After Vinoba Bhave began the movement, Jawaharlal Nehru was the second chosen satyagrahi, arrested on 31 October 1940 for making anti-war speeches. Rajendra Prasad, Rajagopalachari, and Patel participated later but not as the second satyagrahi.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad wrote 'India Wins Freedom' (published posthumously in 1959), which provides a detailed account of India's independence movement and his role as Congress President and Education Minister. The book remains a primary source on partition negotiations and Congress leadership dynamics.

Somnath Chatterjee, who served as the Speaker of Lok Sabha (2004-2009), authored this autobiography documenting his parliamentary career. The book reflects on his political journey and experiences in Indian politics.

The Arya Samaj, founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati, launched and supported the Shuddhi movement in the early 20th century. This movement aimed to reconvert Hindus who had converted to other religions back to Hinduism through purification ceremonies.

Ralph Lerner, an American architect, designed the Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts (IGNCA) in New Delhi. The complex was commissioned in 1985 and completed in the 1990s. Charles Correa was a prominent Indian architect but not the designer of IGNCA. Balkrishna Doshi and Gautam Ghosh are also associated with Indian architecture but not this specific project.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was called off by Gandhiji in February 1922 following the Chauri-Chaura incident where protesters set fire to a police station, killing 22 policemen. This violent incident went against the movement's non-violent principles.

During the Quit India Movement, Gandhiji, Kasturba Gandhi, and his secretary Mahadev Desai were imprisoned at Aga Khan Palace jail. Both Kasturba and Mahadev Desai died there in 1942 and 1944 respectively.

After returning from South Africa, Gopal Krishna Gokhale advised Gandhiji to travel across India to understand the country and its people. Gandhiji regarded Gokhale as his political guru and mentor.

JRD Tata was born on July 29, 1904. This is a well-documented biographical fact about the prominent industrialist. The other dates are incorrect - they don't correspond to JRD Tata's birth.

Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and Shivaram Rajguru were executed by hanging on March 23, 1931, in Lahore jail. This date is commemorated as Shaheed Diwas (Martyrs' Day) in India. The other options are incorrect - 1935 is after their actual execution, and April 1931 and October 1930 do not match the historical record.

Subhas Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, Odisha. This is a well-documented historical fact. Option D (January 2, 1897) is a close but incorrect date - it is 21 days off from the actual birth date.