Modern Indian History

Raja Rammohun Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and Debendranath Tagore were all Indian social reformers who fought against regressive practices like sati and child marriage. Adolf Hitler was a German dictator and had no role in Indian social reform.

Subhas Chandra Bose, the leader of the Indian National Army, popularized the slogan 'Jai Hind'. It became a symbol of the struggle for independence.

Mahatma Gandhi gave the 'Do or Die' slogan during the Quit India Movement in 1942. It urged Indians to either achieve freedom or die trying.

Nathuram Godse was a Hindu nationalist who assassinated Mahatma Gandhi on January 30, 1948, in New Delhi.

The Salt March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, was a major act of nonviolent civil disobedience in 1930 where thousands were arrested for protesting the British salt tax.

The title 'Mahatma' is derived from Sanskrit and translates to 'Great Soul,' a name given to Gandhi by Rabindranath Tagore.

Gandhi's first major acts of civil disobedience occurred in South Africa, where he protested discriminatory laws, including the requirement for Indians to carry registration certificates (passports/passes).

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919, where British troops fired on a peaceful crowd, was a turning point that convinced Gandhi that the British Empire could not be reformed and that India needed full independence.

Gandhi lived in South Africa for over 20 years, where he first developed his philosophy of Satyagraha and engaged in social activism against racial discrimination.

Gandhi's core philosophy was Satyagraha, or truth-force, which relied on nonviolent civil disobedience as the most effective and moral way to achieve political change.

Gandhi studied law in London and worked as a lawyer in South Africa before returning to India to lead the independence movement.

• Chipko Movement was initiated by Sunderlal Bahuguna.
  
• The movement picked up its pace in 1973. 
  
• Movement was initiated to prevent cutting of trees. 
• Chipko Movement followed Gandhian method of nonviolence and Satyagraha.

The Ballot Act 1872 introduced the secret ballot for parliamentary and local elections in the United Kingdom, protecting voters from intimidation.

From 6th Jan 1984 to 25th Dec 1987 is 3 years and some days. 1984 is a leap year. Total days = 366 (1984) + 365 + 365 + (days from Jan 6 to Dec 25). Calculating the shift, the day was Friday.