Modern Indian History

The communal violence between Hindus and Muslims was a primary factor that led the British to agree to the partition of the subcontinent into two separate nations, India and Pakistan.

The period leading up to and following independence was marked by severe communal violence between the Hindu and Muslim populations.

The Quit India Movement, launched in 1942, was a civil disobedience movement demanding an orderly British withdrawal from India during World War II.

The Dharasana Satyagraha was a protest against the British salt tax where non-violent protesters were brutally beaten by police, an event that gained international attention.

The Salt March was a highly successful campaign that brought global attention to the Indian independence movement and undermined British moral authority, even though it did not immediately result in independence.

The Salt March (1930) is the most famous example of Gandhi's satyagraha, where he led a long walk to the sea to produce salt in defiance of British law.

The Jallianwala Bagh (Amritsar) Massacre turned many moderate Indians against British rule and fueled the demand for complete independence (Purna Swaraj).

The protest at Jallianwala Bagh was a peaceful gathering of non-violent protesters and families celebrating Baisakhi when British troops opened fire.

The immediate cause of the rebellion was the introduction of the Enfield rifle, which used cartridges greased with cow and pig fat. This offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers, as cows are sacred to Hindus and pigs are considered unclean by Muslims.

The 1950 Constitution of India explicitly abolished 'untouchability' and prohibited discrimination based on caste, religion, race, or gender.

The Quit India Movement was a major civil disobedience movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in August 1942, demanding an end to British rule in India.

The Indian National Congress split into two main factions: the Moderates, who sought reform through constitutional means, and the Radicals (or Extremists), who advocated for more aggressive tactics to achieve independence.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a prominent Indian nationalist who famously declared that Swaraj is his birthright. This slogan became a rallying cry for the Indian independence movement.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar, Punjab. It was a tragic event where British troops opened fire on a peaceful gathering.

Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920 to protest against British policies in India. It was one of the first major mass movements led by Gandhi.