Minerals and Nutrients

Living systems in general maintain a high intracellular concentration of potassium and low intracellular concentration of sodium. Living systems operate sodium potassium pump for this purpose which actively throws out sodium from the cytoplasm and transports potassium ions from extracellular environment to inside the cytoplasm.

Epidemiological studies revels that low serum Selenium levels are associated with increased risk of  cardio-vascular diseases, liver necrosis, muscular dystrophy, pancreatic fibrosis, reproductive disorders and various cancers.
Selenium, along with vitamin E, prevents the development of hepatic necrosis and muscular dystrophy.
The good sources of Selenium are organ meat ( liver, kidney) and sea food.

Sodium is an essential element for many marine plants and organisms, playing a key role in osmotic balance and cellular function in saline environments.

Lead, platinum, and iodine are not considered essential nutrients for the normal growth and development of plants, unlike the others listed which are micronutrients or macronutrients.

None of the options is correct. However, in some cases toxic level of Nickel is approached well above the concentration of $1$mg/g as that of macronutrients.

Chromium is an essential element involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels within the body. It interacts with the low-molecular weight chromium binding substance to amplify the action of insulin. The amount of chromium in the body can be decreased as a result of a diet high in simple sugars, which increases the excretion of the metal through urine.

Phytotron is a laboratory or a building with an organisation of number of growth chambers and green houses in order to grow plants under strictly controlled environmental conditions. The maintenance and preparation of growth chambers is taken care by phytotron staff  including pest control. 

• The algal component carries out photosynthesis and produces carbohydrate glucose during the dark reaction of photosynthesis.
• Minerals are provided to the algal part by fungal mycelium. It absorbs water and minerals from the substratum.
• Lipids and proteins are neither supplied by algal part nor fungal part but synthesized within the organism itself.
• So the correct answer is 'Carbohydrate'.

Urease is a nickel-containing metalloprotein which catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. Due to the production of ammonia, it increases the production of ammonia. Sumner crystallized an enzyme known as urease and reported that all enzymes are protein. Heliobacter pylori are microbial ureases found in the stomach.

Prosthetic groups are tightly bound cofactors. Peptidase enzymes hydrolyze peptide bonds. Peptidase enzymes require manganese ion for their activity as prosthetic group.

When sulphur or phosphorus is stretched, they break into pieces. Non metals are non-malleable non-ductile.

Milk is well known for being a dietary source of calcium, which is a chemical element essential for bone health.

Bananas are a well-known dietary source of potassium, which is a chemical element.

Dietary minerals are inorganic elements (like calcium, phosphorus, and iron) needed by the body. Vitamin C is an organic compound, not a mineral.

Essential nutrients are substances that the body cannot synthesize at all, or cannot synthesize in sufficient amounts, making them mandatory components of a healthy diet.