Biology

Microbes and Plant Diseases

1,118 Questions

Microbes and plant diseases examine the role of fungi, bacteria, and viruses in causing infections in plants and humans. Topics cover symbiotic associations like mycorrhiza, fungal structures, and specific agricultural pathogens. Practice these biology questions to master microbiology concepts for upcoming competitive examinations.

Fungal associationsPlant pathogensMicrobial structuresBacterial infections

Microbes and Plant Diseases Questions

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Symbiotic association of fungi and algae is

  1. Lichen

  2. Mycorrhiza

  3. Mycoplasma

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A lichen is a long living composite organism that arises from green algae or cyanobacteria  living among filaments of a fungus in a mutually beneficial relationship (symbiotic relationship). The algal component of a lichen is known as phycobiont and the fungal component is called mycobiont.

Example, Usnea
So, the correct answer is 'Lichen'

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Phenomenon of halotism or controlled parasitism is shown by _______

  1. Leguminous roots

  2. Lichens

  3. Mycorrhiza

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The term helotism refers to a master-slave relationship in symbiosis, where the fungus is often considered to dominate or 'enslave' the algal partner, a concept frequently applied to the lichen association.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

In lichen, the fungus provides

  1. Protection, anchorage and absorption for alga

  2. Food for alga

  3. Oxygen for alga

  4. Fixes nitrogen for alga
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lichen is a symbiotic association between blue-green algae and fungus. In this, blue-green algae provide food and nutrition obtained by photosynthesis. In turn, fungus provides protection, anchorage and absorption of water and nutrition from soil for algae.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

There exists a close association between the alga and the fungus within a lichen. The fungus -

  1. Provides food for the alga

  2. Provides protection, anchorage and

    absorption for the alga

  3. Fixes the atomospheric nitrogen for the alga

  4. releases oxygen for the alga
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are symbiotic associations i.e. mutually useful associations, between algae and fungi. The algal component is known as phycobiont and fungal component as mycobiont, which are autotrophic and heterotrophic respectively. Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for its partner.

Lichens are very good pollution indicators – they do not grow in polluted areas.
So, the correct answer is 'Option B- Provides protection, anchorage and absorption for the alga'.
So the correct option is B.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

'Flavr Savr' variety of tomato which remains fresh for a longer period than normal tomato variety

  1. Has high amount enzyme polygalacturonase

  2. Has reduced amount of enzyme polygalacturonase

  3. Is a pest resistant variety

  4. Is rich in vitamin A and prevents night blindness.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The tomato variety 'Flavr Savr' presents an example where expression of a native tomato gene has been blocked. Fruit softening is promoted by the enzyme polygalacturonase, which degrades pectin. Production of polygalacturonase is blocked in the transgenic tomato variety 'Flavr Savr'. So, fruits of this tomato variety remain fresh and retain their flavour much longer than do the fruits of normal tomato varieties. Additionally, the fruits have a superior taste and increased total soluble solids.

So, the correct answer is 'Has reduced amount of enzyme polygalacturonase'.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

The utility of fungi for steroid conversion was demonstrated by

  1. Kohler and Milstein

  2. Murray and Peterson

  3. Kornberg and Miller

  4. Waksman and Monad
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Murray and Peterson demonstrated the utility of fungi for steroid conversion by using the Rhizopus stolonifer. Whereas the technique for development of monoclonal antibody was demonstrated by Kohler and Milstein. Waksman and Monad demonstrate the synthesis of streptomycin antibody from streptomyces species. Kornberg and Miller are known for the purification of the DNA polymerase 1 enzyme. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice examples of bryophytes plant kingdom biology

In which of the following bryophyta, germination of spore is indirect?

  1. Riccia

  2. Rhizopus

  3. Puccinia

  4. Funaria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In Funaria, the spore germinates to form a protonema (a filamentous structure) before developing into the leafy gametophore, which is considered indirect germination.

Multiple choice examples of bryophytes plant kingdom biology

Primary protonema is present in

  1. Agaricus

  2. Alternaria

  3. Sphagnum

  4. Funaria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The primary protonema is a characteristic juvenile stage in the life cycle of mosses, such as Funaria. It develops directly from the germinating spore.

Multiple choice

What type of organism is Ergot?

  1. mould

  2. fungi

  3. it is a mould, which is a fungi

  4. virus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ergot is a type of fungus that grows on grains. Option C is the most accurate description provided in the context of the options.

Multiple choice

By which organ Amoeba takes food ?

  1. Haustoria

  2. Pseudopodia

  3. Vacuole

  4. Cilia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Amoeba captures its food using temporary, finger-like projections of the cell membrane called pseudopodia, which surround and engulf the food particle to form a food vacuole.

Multiple choice

Fungus "seeds" in the air that turn into mold are called:

  1. mushrooms

  2. spores

  3. decomposers

  4. stomata
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fungi reproduce and spread by releasing microscopic single-celled units called spores into the air, which can grow into new fungi like mold when they land on a suitable surface.

Multiple choice

What is the Potato plight?

  1. a retro virus that causes acquired immunodificiency virus

  2. a contagious and fatal bacteria

  3. a fungus-like organism that destroys the plant

  4. very lethal virus that causes massive internal hemorrhaging
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Potato blight (specifically late blight) is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, a fungus-like eukaryotic microorganism that infects and destroys potato plants. This disease was the primary cause of the devastating Irish Potato Famine in the 1840s.