Medieval and Modern Indian History

Statement 3 alone is correct - Shahjahan did visit Kabul with a large military escort to subdue rebellious Afghan tribes. Statements 1 and 2 are incorrect: Fateh Khan's Bijapur invasion failed, and Shahjahan did continue Bundela campaigns after 1634.

Under the Mahalwari system, revenue settlement was made with the village community as a whole, not with individuals or zamindars. The village collectively responsible for revenue payment, making it distinct from both Permanent Settlement and Ryotwari systems.

Lord Dalhousie annexed Oudh (Awadh) in 1856 using the Doctrine of Lapse, which allowed the British to annex any princely state where the ruler died without a natural male heir. Dalhousie claimed Oudh was being mismanaged (mal-administered) as a pretext, but the legal mechanism used was the Doctrine of Lapse, not subsidiary alliance or direct warfare.

Alexander (Greek, 326 B.C.E.); Sakas (90 B.C.E.); Kushanas (45 C.E.)

'Playing off one community against the other' means 'using one community in opposition to the other'. And this is how the British continued their rule in  India. Hence, (2) is the correct answer.

Emperor Harsha's southward march was stopped on the Narmada river by Pulakesin-II, the Chalukya king of Vatapi in northern Mysore.

The First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-1769) was fought between Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore, and the British East India Company. It ended with the Treaty of Madras.

Correct Answer: War of Plassey

The War of Bedara (1759) was fought between the English and the Dutch over control of trade in Bengal. This conflict was part of the larger European colonial rivalry in India, with the English ultimately gaining the upper hand.

In March 1857, Mangal Pandey and other soldiers at Barrackpore refused to use the greased cartridges rumored to contain cow and pig fat. This marked the beginning of the 1857 Revolt and preceded the actual outbreak in Meerut in May 1857.

The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) was fought between the Maratha Empire and the Afghan invader Ahmad Shah Durrani (Abdali). Humayun fought Sher Shah Suri earlier (1540), Akbar fought Hemu at the Second Battle of Panipat (1556), making option B the correct pairing for the Third Battle.

The Battle of Talikota (1565) was a decisive defeat for the Vijayanagara Empire against the combined forces of the Deccan Sultanates. This battle marked the end of Vijayanagara's dominance and led to the sack of their capital Hampi, causing the empire's gradual decline over the next century.

Bombay (now Mumbai) had the earliest Muslim presence in commerce and education among British provinces. Historical Muslim trading communities were well-established there by the 19th century, earlier than in Madras or Calcutta.

The First Battle of Panipat (1526) was fought between Babur (founder of Mughal Empire) and Ibrahim Lodi (last Sultan of Delhi). Babur's victory marked the beginning of Mughal rule in India. Neither Akbar vs Hemu (Second Battle, 1556) nor Abdali vs Marathas (Third Battle, 1761) is correct.

The transfer of power from the East India Company to the British Crown was announced by Lord Canning in Allahabad on November 1, 1858, through Queen Victoria's Proclamation. This proclamation promised equal treatment and religious tolerance to Indian subjects following the revolt of 1857.