Medieval and Modern Indian History

Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's 1882 novel 'Anand Math' is set against the backdrop of the Sanyasi Rebellion (late 18th century) and is famous for including the song 'Vande Mataram'.

The Kalinga War (c. 261 BCE) was the last major conflict fought by King Ashoka. The immense bloodshed and suffering he witnessed during this war led him to renounce violence and convert to Buddhism, promoting Dhamma thereafter.

Binay, Badal, and Dinesh were the revolutionary heroes who assassinated British Police Commissioner James T. E. L. B. Jackson in 1928 to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai. They were part of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. The question likely refers to 'War of 1928' (the assassination event), not 'Portico'.

The 'War of Portico' appears to refer to a colonial-era incident at the Writers' Building in Calcutta (now Kolkata). This was the administrative seat of British power in Bengal, making it a likely site for political protests or conflicts during the independence movement.

Sher Ali assassinated Lord Mayo on 8th February 1872, marking the first armed guerilla attack on British leadership after the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny. The Chapekar brothers carried out their assassination in 1898, which is later. The date 8th Feb 1872 is historically accurate.

Sher Ali Afridi assassinated Lord Mayo, the Viceroy of India, on February 8, 1872, while Mayo was visiting the Andaman Islands. This was a significant act of armed resistance following the 1857 Mutiny. The Chapekar brothers' actions occurred later in 1897.

This is a duplicate of question 5672. Sher Ali assassinated Lord Mayo on 8th February 1872, the first armed guerilla attack on British leadership post-1857. The Chapekar brothers' action came later in 1898.

The Battle of Haldighati was fought in 1576 between Maharana Pratap of Mewar and the Mughal forces of Emperor Akbar, led by Man Singh I of Amber. Though Rana Pratap lost the battle due to Akbar's superior numbers and resources, he managed to escape and continued his resistance, never surrendering to Akbar.

The First War of Indian Independence (1857 revolt) began in Meerut on May 10, 1857, when Indian sepoy mutinied against their British officers. The rebellion then spread to Delhi, where Bahadur Shah Zafar was proclaimed the emperor of India. Delhi, Jhansi, and Lucknow were all major centers of the uprising but not where it started.

The Belapur Fort at CBD Belapur matches this description perfectly. The Marathas captured it from the Portuguese in 1733, and the British partially destroyed it in 1817 under Captain Charles Gray. CIDCO indeed planned restoration after resident protests. The fort is a heritage structure in Navi Mumbai's CBD Belapur node, not in Panvel, Vashi, or Kopar Khairne.

Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in India as traders, with Vasco da Gama reaching Calicut in 1498. They established trading settlements like Goa in 1510, well before the Dutch (17th century), Danish (1616), or English (1600) arrived.

The Battle of Haldighati (1576) was the famous encounter between Maharana Pratap of Mewar and the Mughal forces led by Man Singh I (representing Akbar). Though Rana Pratap lost the battle, his resistance became legendary. Plassey (1757) was a British battle, Kalinga (261 BCE) was Ashoka's war, and Panipat was a series of battles involving Afghans and Marathas.

The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in India during the Mughal period as traders, led by Vasco da Gama who reached Calicut in 1498. This predated and occurred during the early Mughal era (which began in 1526). The Portuguese established trading ports at Goa, Diu, and Daman. The Dutch arrived in the early 17th century (1605), the English (later British) East India Company in 1600s (first factory 1613), and the Danish arrived even later in the 1620s. Thus Portuguese were chronologically first among the options provided.