Magnetism and Electromagnetism

Dip is the angle between the Earth's magnetic field and horizontal plane at that point. The needle of a dip circle when place at a geomagnetic poles stays along vertical direction.

A compass consists of a magnetized needle which tends to align in presence of a magnetic field, thus causing a deflection in the needle.

Magnetic compass is used for navigation and its magnetic needle is made of permanent magnet which is always aligned according to the earth's magnetic field. 

The case of a magnetic compass should be made of a non-magnetic material. 

A compass can be used to detect presence of magnetic field as it will deflect from its N-S direction to direction if magnetic field at that point.

Induced EMF is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux (dPhi/dt). Moving the magnet speedily increases the rate of change, resulting in a higher induced EMF. However, the total charge induced (q = delta Phi / R) depends only on the total change in flux, which is the same regardless of speed.

Opposite magnetic poles, specifically the north and south poles, exert an attractive force on each other. Like poles, such as north-north or south-south, would repel.

All magnets have two poles, a north pole and a south pole, where the magnetic force is strongest. Even if you cut a magnet in half, each piece will still have a north and south pole.

The Earth acts like a giant bar magnet because of the movement of molten iron in its outer core, which creates a magnetic field with north and south poles.

Nickel, iron, and cobalt are all ferromagnetic materials. This means they are all strongly attracted to magnets.

Electromagnetic induction is the process where a changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a conductor. The other terms are not standard scientific definitions for this phenomenon.

Maglev (magnetic levitation) trains use powerful electromagnets to lift the train off the track, reducing friction and allowing for high speeds. This is a standard application of electromagnetic repulsion.

An electromagnet is a solenoid with a ferromagnetic core, which significantly concentrates and strengthens the magnetic field compared to a hollow solenoid. Therefore, an electromagnet is stronger.