Reasoning

Logic and Fallacies

1,716 Questions

Understand the fundamentals of propositional logic, logical inference rules, and paradoxes. This set includes identifying logical fallacies, including those found in classical Nyaya logic. Strong grasp of these concepts is crucial for scoring well in the reasoning sections of competitive tests.

Propositional logic modelsLogical inference rulesTypes of logical fallaciesParadoxes and contingent truthsNyaya logic concepts

Logic and Fallacies Questions

Multiple choice

What is the term for the type of inference that is based on the absence of a cause and its effect?

  1. Kevalanvayi

  2. Anvayavyatireki

  3. Vyatireki

  4. Savyabhichara
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vyatireki is the term for the type of inference that is based on the absence of a cause and its effect.

Multiple choice

Which type of inference is based on the presence of a cause and the absence of its effect?

  1. Kevalanvayi

  2. Anvayavyatireki

  3. Vyatireki

  4. Savyabhichara
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Anvayavyatireki is the type of inference that is based on the presence of a cause and the absence of its effect.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the type of inference that is based on the absence of a cause and the presence of its effect?

  1. Kevalanvayi

  2. Anvayavyatireki

  3. Vyatireki

  4. Savyabhichara
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Savyabhichara is the term for the type of inference that is based on the absence of a cause and the presence of its effect.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from insufficient evidence?

  1. Hetvabhasa

  2. Sadhyabhasa

  3. Pakshabhasa

  4. Drishtantabhasa
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hetvabhasa is the term for the fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from insufficient evidence.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the fallacy that occurs when the conclusion contradicts the evidence?

  1. Savyabhichara

  2. Viruddha

  3. Asiddha

  4. Anaikantika
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Viruddha is the term for the fallacy that occurs when the conclusion contradicts the evidence.

Multiple choice

What does Syadvada mean?

  1. Conditional assertion

  2. Relative truth

  3. Multiple viewpoints

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Syadvada means conditional assertion, relative truth, and multiple viewpoints, all of which are key aspects of Jain philosophy.

Multiple choice

If the p-value is less than the significance level, then:

  1. We reject the null hypothesis

  2. We fail to reject the null hypothesis

  3. We make a correct decision

  4. We make an incorrect decision
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

If the p-value is less than the significance level, then we reject the null hypothesis.

Multiple choice

If the p-value is greater than the significance level, then:

  1. We reject the null hypothesis

  2. We fail to reject the null hypothesis

  3. We make a correct decision

  4. We make an incorrect decision
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

If the p-value is greater than the significance level, then we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Multiple choice

The power of a hypothesis test is the probability of:

  1. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

  2. Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false

  3. Making a correct decision

  4. Making an incorrect decision
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
Correct answer
Explanation

The power of a hypothesis test is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually false.

Multiple choice

The alternative hypothesis is:

  1. The hypothesis that is being tested

  2. The hypothesis that is assumed to be true

  3. The hypothesis that is rejected if the test statistic is significant

  4. The hypothesis that is accepted if the test statistic is not significant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The alternative hypothesis is the hypothesis that is being tested. It is the hypothesis that is being compared to the null hypothesis.

Multiple choice

The power of a test is:

  1. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis, assuming the null hypothesis is true

  2. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis, assuming the alternative hypothesis is true

  3. The probability of accepting the null hypothesis, assuming the null hypothesis is true

  4. The probability of accepting the null hypothesis, assuming the alternative hypothesis is true
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The power of a test is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis, assuming the alternative hypothesis is true. It is typically calculated using the non-central t-distribution.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of truth?

  1. Objective truth

  2. Subjective truth

  3. Absolute truth

  4. Relative truth
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Absolute truth is not a type of truth. It is a metaphysical concept.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a theory of truth?

  1. Deflationary theory

  2. Inflationary theory

  3. Minimalist theory

  4. Pluralist theory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Inflationary theory is not a theory of truth. It is a theory of cosmology.

Multiple choice

What is the fallacy of affirming the consequent?

  1. Assuming that if the consequent of a conditional statement is true, then the antecedent must also be true.

  2. Assuming that if the antecedent of a conditional statement is true, then the consequent must also be true.

  3. Assuming that if the negation of the consequent of a conditional statement is true, then the negation of the antecedent must also be true.

  4. Assuming that if the negation of the antecedent of a conditional statement is true, then the negation of the consequent must also be true.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The fallacy of affirming the consequent is the logical fallacy of assuming that if the consequent of a conditional statement is true, then the antecedent must also be true. This is a fallacy because the truth of the consequent does not guarantee the truth of the antecedent.

Multiple choice

What is the fallacy of denying the antecedent?

  1. Assuming that if the antecedent of a conditional statement is false, then the consequent must also be false.

  2. Assuming that if the consequent of a conditional statement is false, then the antecedent must also be false.

  3. Assuming that if the negation of the antecedent of a conditional statement is true, then the negation of the consequent must also be true.

  4. Assuming that if the negation of the consequent of a conditional statement is true, then the negation of the antecedent must also be true.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The fallacy of denying the antecedent is the logical fallacy of assuming that if the antecedent of a conditional statement is false, then the consequent must also be false. This is a fallacy because the falsity of the antecedent does not guarantee the falsity of the consequent.