Diversity in Living Organisms

Xerochasy is dehiscence that occurs upon drying and its seen in funaria.  

When food runs out and they are ready to form sporangia, they do something radically different. They release signal molecules into their environment, by which they find each other and create swarms. These amoeba then join up into a tiny multicellular slug-like coordinated creature, which crawls to an open lit place and grows into a fruiting body. Some of the amoebae become spores to begin the next generation, but some of the amoebae sacrifice themselves to become a dead stalk, lifting the spores up into the air.

Pseudopodia are formed by microtubule and filament structures. The cell surface projects a membrane process called the lamellipodium, which is supported inside by filaments that form at the leading edge, turning into networks as they merge. Cytoplasm flows into the lamellipodium, forming the pseudopodia.

Surface appendages used by bacteria for attachment to another bacteria and host organisms, are called pili.

Ciliates have two different sorts of nuclei: a small, diploid micronucleus (reproduction), and a large, polyploid macronucleus (general cell regulation). The latter is generated from the micronucleus by amplification of the genome and heavy editing. The micronucleus serves as the germ line nucleus, but does not express its genes. The macronucleus provides the nuclear RNA for vegetative growth.

When conditions become unfavorable, these slime molds form sporangia - clusters of spores, often on the tips of stalks.

Euglena is a large genus of unicellular protists, which have both plant and animal characteristics. All are motile by means of a flagellum (animal characteristic). Most have chloroplasts (alga and plant characteristic).

Euglenoid species that have chlorophyll are facultative heterotrophs in the absence of light or in abundance of dissolved food outside.

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are viruses that infect bacteria. These phages also require a bacterial host in order to replicate themselves. Bacterial viruses, as these are also often called, are made up of proteins that coat an inner core of nucleic acid – either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). Phages also vary in structure, ranging from the simple to the more elaborate and complex.

Chrysophytes are plant-like protists that can be found in marine and freshwater environments which are often low in calcium. There are three main types of chrysophytes: diatoms (bacillariophyta), golden-brown algae (chrysophyceae), and yellow-green algae (xanthophyceae).

Slime molds are classified under the Kingdom Protista.They are motile like animals but some are unicellular so they can not be classified as animals. Slime molds are an odd-ball group, so like other odd-balls, they get thrown in with the protists.

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

Crayfish and silverfish are arthropods characterized by segmented bodies, exoskeletons, and jointed appendages. They are not amphibians, arachnids (typo in option C), or molluscs.

 Echinoderms are exclusively marine and are benthic in their habitat 

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