Legislature and Parliament

Both the statements are correct.

Both the statements are correct.

All three of them are financial committees.

The Constituent Assembly members were elected by the Provincial Legislative Assemblies established under the Government of India Act 1935. Each province was allotted a specific number of seats based on its population. The elections were held in 1946, and the Assembly first met in December 1946 to draft India's Constitution.

The Rajya Sabha is presided over by the Vice President of India, who is the ex-officio Chairman of the House but not a member of it. In contrast, the Lok Sabha Speaker and Vidhan Sabha Speakers are chosen from amongst the members of their respective houses.

Rajya Sabha representation is based on the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution, which allocates seats to states and union territories. The allocation is primarily proportional to population, though smaller states get some minimum representation. Equal representation applies to Lok Sabha seats from states, not Rajya Sabha.

'Crossing the Floor' refers to a parliamentarian changing their party allegiance - leaving the opposition to join the ruling party or vice versa. This is called 'crossing the floor' because members physically move across the chamber to sit with their new party. It does not refer to temporarily leaving the house (walkout) or occupying someone else's seat.

Vote on Account is a special provision allowing the government to withdraw money from the Consolidated Fund to meet essential expenditures for a limited period (usually 2-3 months) when the full budget cannot be passed immediately. This happens during elections or transition periods. It is not about deficits, the Speaker's vote, or RBI sanctions. The amount is typically limited to 1/6th of the previous year's budget.

The Rajya Sabha is a permanent chamber that cannot be dissolved under any circumstances. Unlike the Lok Sabha which has a fixed term of 5 years and can be dissolved earlier, the Rajya Sabha has continuous representation with one-third of its members retiring every two years. This permanent nature ensures stability and continuity in the legislative process.

Statement 2 alone is correct. Article 105(2) grants MPs exemption from attendance as witnesses in courts. Statement 1 is incorrect because MPs can be arrested in criminal cases even during session - Article 105 only protects them from arrest in civil cases 40 days before/after/during session.

Under Article 249, Parliament can legislate on State List matters if Rajya Sabha passes a resolution by 2/3 majority. This resolution is valid for one year and can be extended, used for implementing international agreements or national treaties.

Under Article 109, Rajya Sabha can only delay a Money Bill for 14 days maximum. It cannot reject or amend Money Bills - it can only make recommendations which Lok Sabha may accept or reject. This preserves Lok Sabha's supremacy in financial matters.

Option (2) is correct: One-tenth of the total membership of the Houses must be present to hold the meeting of the Lok Sabha.

Under Article 164(4) of the Indian Constitution, a minister who is not a member of the Legislature must become a member within six months. If they fail to get elected in a by-election within this period, they must resign.