Legal Principles and Doctrines

Option (1) is correct: Under Section 90 of Indian Evidence Act, it is a presumption as to documents that are thirty years old. Option (2) is incorrect: Under Section 90 of Indian Evidence Act, it is not a rebuttable presumption of law. Option (3) is incorrect: Under Section 90 of Indian Evidence Act, it is not an irrebuttable presumption of law. Option (4) is incorrect: Under Section 90 of Indian Evidence Act, it is not a presumption of facts and law both.

Option (1) is incorrect: Evidence so given shall be deemed to be oral evidence. Option (2) is correct: A witness who is unable to speak may give his evidence in any other manner in which he can make it intelligible, such as by writing or by signs; but such writing must be written and the signs made in an open court. Evidence so given shall be deemed to be oral evidence. Option (3) is incorrect: Evidence given by dumb person is relevant and admissible in evidence. Option (4) is incorrect: Always admissible; doesn’t depend on the court’s discretion.

Option (1) is incorrect: The facts in the given situation is not indicating B’s motive of libel. Option (2) is incorrect: In the above facts, the conduct of B is not influenced by any fact in issue. Option (3) is correct: Under Sec 9 of Indian Evidence Act, Facts necessary to explain or introduce a fact in issue or relevant fact, or which show the relation of parties by whom any such fact was transacted, are relevant in so far as they are necessary for that purpose.

Option (1) is incorrect: Under Section 11 of the Indian Evidence Act, facts are relevant. Option (2) is correct: Under Section 11 of the Indian Evidence Act, facts not otherwise relevant are relevant if they are inconsistent with any fact in issue or relevant fact; if by themselves or in connection with other facts they make the existence or non-existence of any fact in issue or relevant fact highly probable or improbable. Option (3) is incorrect: Not relevant under Section 9. It deals with explanation and introduction of facts. Option (4) is incorrect. Not relevant under Section 7. It deals with facts which are the occasion, cause and effect of the fact in issue.

Option (1) is incorrect: Under the Indian Evidence Act, no particular number of witnesses is required. Option (2) is incorrect: Under the Indian Evidence Act, no particular number of witnesses is required. Option (3) is incorrect: Under the Indian Evidence Act, statute directs that no particular number of witnesses is to be adduced. Option (4) is correct. Under Section 134 of the Indian Evidence Act, no particular number of witnesses is required. 

Option (1) is incorrect: An agent cannot be appointed by a minor. Option (2) is correct: Under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, an agent can only be appointed by a person who is major and who is of sound mind. Option (3) is incorrect: An agent can be appointed only by a major of sound mind. Option (4) is incorrect: An agent can be appointed only by a major of sound mind.

Option (1) is incorrect: Explanation III to Section 11 states that the matter above referred to must in the former suit have been alleged by one party and either denied or admitted, expressly or impliedly, by the other. Option (2) is correct: Explanation IV to Section 11 talks about constructive res judicata. Option (3) is incorrect: Explanation VI to Section 11 talks about representative persons.

Option (1) is incorrect: Order VII, Rule 10 of the CPC deals with return of plaint. Option (2) is incorrect: Order VII, Rule 10A of the CPC provides for power of court to fix a date of appearance in the court, where plaint is to be filed after its return. Option (3) is correct: Order VII, Rule 11 the of CPC provides for rejection of plaint. Option (4) is incorrect.  

Habeas corpus is a legal writ that requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court. It's specifically designed to protect individual liberty against unlawful detention. Certiorari deals with judicial review, and quo warranto questions authority.

An avocation is a hobby, side interest, or minor occupation pursued alongside one's main vocation or career. It's something done for pleasure rather than as a primary profession. Option D is correct. It does not mean legal pleading, contradiction, or main occupation - those are the opposite or unrelated concepts.

Under Section 3 of Transfer of property act, 1882, 'attested' in relation to an instrument means attested by two or more witnesses.

Option (1) is correct: Power to recall any witness(es) under Section 311 of the CrPC can be exercised at any stage of any inquiry, trial or other proceedings under this code. Option (2) is incorrect: No such provision Option (3) is incorrect: No such provision Option (4) is incorrect: No such provision

Option (1) is incorrect: A complaint may relate to both cognizable and non-cognizable offences. Option (2) is incorrect: A complaint may relate to both cognizable and non-cognizable offences. Option (3) is correct: A complaint may relate to both cognizable and non-cognizable offences. Option (4) is incorrect: No such provision

Option (1) is incorrect: An accused can be a witness. Option (2) is incorrect: An accused can be compelled to give his own evidence generally. Option (3) is correct: Under the provision of Section 315, an accused shall not be called as a witness, except on his own request in writing. Option (4) is incorrect: Neither (1) nor (2)

Option (1) is incorrect: Trial in wrong place doesn’t vitiate itself till it causes failure of justice.