Law Legal Studies · History

Legal History and Systems

883 Questions

Legal History and Systems examines the evolution of law from ancient codes to modern frameworks. It includes the study of historical documents like the Magna Carta and Justinian Code. This material is crucial for law students and judicial services exam aspirants.

Ancient legal codesRoman lawNatural law theoryMedieval legal systemsHistorical justice concepts

Legal History and Systems Questions

Multiple choice
  1. legis

  2. latum

  3. Both 'legis' and 'latum'

  4. lex

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The term 'legislation' is derived from two Latin words, ‘legis’ meaning 'law' and ‘latum’ meaning 'to make, put or set'. Etymologically, 'legislation' means 'the making or the setting of law'.

Multiple choice
  1. Constitutional law

  2. International Law

  3. Labour law

  4. Criminal law

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Magna Carta (1215) established the principle that even the monarch was subject to the law, laying the foundation for constitutional law and limited government. It influenced constitutional development worldwide, though it didn't directly create international, labor, or criminal law systems.

Multiple choice
  1. a, b and c

  2. a and b

  3. a and c

  4. a only

  5. b only

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer as both statements are correct. These laws imposed social codes of food and dress upon different strata of society in France. They prevented social inferiors from wearing certain clothes and consuming certain foods and beverages associated with the aristocracy.

Multiple choice

Directions: According to the passage, state whether the given statement is True, False or Not Given.

Ships took lesser time as compared to road transport.

ROMAN LAND TRANSPORTATION: THE ROMAN ROAD SYSTEM
In the Roman Empire, for the first time in history, a system of fully connected roads (and of cities connected by roads) came into existence. But, its military and administrative purposes were clear; when the question was the shipment of wheat or other bulky staples, the method used was almost certainly a relatively primitive sailing ship. Land transport was too costly of food resources to be employed in freight shipment: the justification for the extensive land transportation system of the Roman Empire was the efficiency and speed it brought over to lordship and administration.
The chariot was capable of speeds that could assure relatively quick communication if a firm and reasonably sloping surface could be had. The Romans accomplished such construction by devising a drained sub-base to be paved with fairly tight-fitting flat rocks. Few of these roads were wide enough to allow wagons to pass each other. In fact, the pavements were rather narrow for the passage of a single wagon; only chariots fitted comfortably.

Romans were not particularly successful in operating wagons or carts for the handling of freight. In common with other southern Eurasian cultures, the Romans kept oxen and knew how to employ their strength to draw loads using the horn and then the withered yoke. But they made no technical improvements on two-wheel and four-wheel carts. The wheels were rigidly fixed to the axle, forcing left and right wheels to revolve together and at the same speed but over different distances. Turning from a straight course thus forced one side to move farther than the other, dragging the wheels on one side while introducing considerable frictional resistance on the other. Furthermore, the axles were rigidly fixed to the cart's frame so any turning motion forced the cart to be dragged into a turn rather than turning into it by steering the direction of the wheels. Only the Celts had by Roman times discovered the efficiency of the pivoting front axle as well as a better harness to attach the horse to the cart.
  1. True

  2. False

  3. Not Given

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The passage clearly states that land transport was too costly and that 'primitive sailing ship' was used for shipping wheat and bulky staples. The chariot brought speed for communication, but for freight, ships were used. Since ships (water transport) were the primary method for freight and land transport was avoided for cargo due to cost, ships took LESSER time than road transport for cargo.

Multiple choice

Directions: According to the passage, state whether the given statement is True, False or Not Given.

Roads were not used for exports and imports.

ROMAN LAND TRANSPORTATION: THE ROMAN ROAD SYSTEM
In the Roman Empire, for the first time in history, a system of fully connected roads (and of cities connected by roads) came into existence. But, its military and administrative purposes were clear; when the question was the shipment of wheat or other bulky staples, the method used was almost certainly a relatively primitive sailing ship. Land transport was too costly of food resources to be employed in freight shipment: the justification for the extensive land transportation system of the Roman Empire was the efficiency and speed it brought over to lordship and administration.
The chariot was capable of speeds that could assure relatively quick communication if a firm and reasonably sloping surface could be had. The Romans accomplished such construction by devising a drained sub-base to be paved with fairly tight-fitting flat rocks. Few of these roads were wide enough to allow wagons to pass each other. In fact, the pavements were rather narrow for the passage of a single wagon; only chariots fitted comfortably.

Romans were not particularly successful in operating wagons or carts for the handling of freight. In common with other southern Eurasian cultures, the Romans kept oxen and knew how to employ their strength to draw loads using the horn and then the withered yoke. But they made no technical improvements on two-wheel and four-wheel carts. The wheels were rigidly fixed to the axle, forcing left and right wheels to revolve together and at the same speed but over different distances. Turning from a straight course thus forced one side to move farther than the other, dragging the wheels on one side while introducing considerable frictional resistance on the other. Furthermore, the axles were rigidly fixed to the cart's frame so any turning motion forced the cart to be dragged into a turn rather than turning into it by steering the direction of the wheels. Only the Celts had by Roman times discovered the efficiency of the pivoting front axle as well as a better harness to attach the horse to the cart.
  1. True

  2. False

  3. Not Given

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The passage states: 'Land transport was too costly of food resources to be employed in freight shipment: the justification for the extensive land transportation system of the Roman Empire was the efficiency and speed it brought over to lordship and administration.' This confirms that roads were NOT used for exports/imports (freight shipment), but were justified only for military and administrative purposes.

Multiple choice

Directions: According to the passage, state whether the given statement is True, False or Not Given.

Chariot could be used only on uniform surface.

ROMAN LAND TRANSPORTATION: THE ROMAN ROAD SYSTEM
In the Roman Empire, for the first time in history, a system of fully connected roads (and of cities connected by roads) came into existence. But, its military and administrative purposes were clear; when the question was the shipment of wheat or other bulky staples, the method used was almost certainly a relatively primitive sailing ship. Land transport was too costly of food resources to be employed in freight shipment: the justification for the extensive land transportation system of the Roman Empire was the efficiency and speed it brought over to lordship and administration.
The chariot was capable of speeds that could assure relatively quick communication if a firm and reasonably sloping surface could be had. The Romans accomplished such construction by devising a drained sub-base to be paved with fairly tight-fitting flat rocks. Few of these roads were wide enough to allow wagons to pass each other. In fact, the pavements were rather narrow for the passage of a single wagon; only chariots fitted comfortably.

Romans were not particularly successful in operating wagons or carts for the handling of freight. In common with other southern Eurasian cultures, the Romans kept oxen and knew how to employ their strength to draw loads using the horn and then the withered yoke. But they made no technical improvements on two-wheel and four-wheel carts. The wheels were rigidly fixed to the axle, forcing left and right wheels to revolve together and at the same speed but over different distances. Turning from a straight course thus forced one side to move farther than the other, dragging the wheels on one side while introducing considerable frictional resistance on the other. Furthermore, the axles were rigidly fixed to the cart's frame so any turning motion forced the cart to be dragged into a turn rather than turning into it by steering the direction of the wheels. Only the Celts had by Roman times discovered the efficiency of the pivoting front axle as well as a better harness to attach the horse to the cart.
  1. True

  2. False

  3. Not Given

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The passage states chariots required 'a firm and reasonably sloping surface' to achieve quick communication. The statement claims they worked 'only on uniform surface', which is not equivalent to the text's requirement. 'Uniform' means identical throughout, while 'firm and reasonably sloping' describes specific properties needed for chariots to function properly. The statement misrepresents the actual surface requirement.

Multiple choice

Directions: According to the passage, state whether the given statement is True, False or Not Given.

Romans had nothing that was similar to Eurasian culture.

ROMAN LAND TRANSPORTATION: THE ROMAN ROAD SYSTEM
In the Roman Empire, for the first time in history, a system of fully connected roads (and of cities connected by roads) came into existence. But, its military and administrative purposes were clear; when the question was the shipment of wheat or other bulky staples, the method used was almost certainly a relatively primitive sailing ship. Land transport was too costly of food resources to be employed in freight shipment: the justification for the extensive land transportation system of the Roman Empire was the efficiency and speed it brought over to lordship and administration.
The chariot was capable of speeds that could assure relatively quick communication if a firm and reasonably sloping surface could be had. The Romans accomplished such construction by devising a drained sub-base to be paved with fairly tight-fitting flat rocks. Few of these roads were wide enough to allow wagons to pass each other. In fact, the pavements were rather narrow for the passage of a single wagon; only chariots fitted comfortably.

Romans were not particularly successful in operating wagons or carts for the handling of freight. In common with other southern Eurasian cultures, the Romans kept oxen and knew how to employ their strength to draw loads using the horn and then the withered yoke. But they made no technical improvements on two-wheel and four-wheel carts. The wheels were rigidly fixed to the axle, forcing left and right wheels to revolve together and at the same speed but over different distances. Turning from a straight course thus forced one side to move farther than the other, dragging the wheels on one side while introducing considerable frictional resistance on the other. Furthermore, the axles were rigidly fixed to the cart's frame so any turning motion forced the cart to be dragged into a turn rather than turning into it by steering the direction of the wheels. Only the Celts had by Roman times discovered the efficiency of the pivoting front axle as well as a better harness to attach the horse to the cart.
  1. True

  2. False

  3. Not Given

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The passage explicitly states 'In common with other southern Eurasian cultures, the Romans kept oxen and knew how to employ their strength...' This directly contradicts the statement that Romans had 'nothing' similar to Eurasian culture. The passage confirms Romans shared practices with other Eurasian cultures.

Multiple choice

Directions: According to the information in the passage, choose the appropriate synonym for the given word.

Bulky

ROMAN LAND TRANSPORTATION: THE ROMAN ROAD SYSTEM
In the Roman Empire, for the first time in history, a system of fully connected roads (and of cities connected by roads) came into existence. But, its military and administrative purposes were clear; when the question was the shipment of wheat or other bulky staples, the method used was almost certainly a relatively primitive sailing ship. Land transport was too costly of food resources to be employed in freight shipment: the justification for the extensive land transportation system of the Roman Empire was the efficiency and speed it brought over to lordship and administration.
The chariot was capable of speeds that could assure relatively quick communication if a firm and reasonably sloping surface could be had. The Romans accomplished such construction by devising a drained sub-base to be paved with fairly tight-fitting flat rocks. Few of these roads were wide enough to allow wagons to pass each other. In fact, the pavements were rather narrow for the passage of a single wagon; only chariots fitted comfortably.

Romans were not particularly successful in operating wagons or carts for the handling of freight. In common with other southern Eurasian cultures, the Romans kept oxen and knew how to employ their strength to draw loads using the horn and then the withered yoke. But they made no technical improvements on two-wheel and four-wheel carts. The wheels were rigidly fixed to the axle, forcing left and right wheels to revolve together and at the same speed but over different distances. Turning from a straight course thus forced one side to move farther than the other, dragging the wheels on one side while introducing considerable frictional resistance on the other. Furthermore, the axles were rigidly fixed to the cart's frame so any turning motion forced the cart to be dragged into a turn rather than turning into it by steering the direction of the wheels. Only the Celts had by Roman times discovered the efficiency of the pivoting front axle as well as a better harness to attach the horse to the cart.
  1. Small

  2. Flowery

  3. Heavy

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In the context of 'shipment of wheat or other bulky staples', 'bulky' means taking up much space, difficult to transport, or large and heavy. Among the options, only 'Heavy' captures this meaning of being substantial and cumbersome to move. 'Small' is the opposite, and 'Flowery' is unrelated to the context.

Multiple choice

Directions: According to the passage, state whether the given statement is True, False or Not Given.

Romans' carts were technologically advanced.

ROMAN LAND TRANSPORTATION: THE ROMAN ROAD SYSTEM
In the Roman Empire, for the first time in history, a system of fully connected roads (and of cities connected by roads) came into existence. But, its military and administrative purposes were clear; when the question was the shipment of wheat or other bulky staples, the method used was almost certainly a relatively primitive sailing ship. Land transport was too costly of food resources to be employed in freight shipment: the justification for the extensive land transportation system of the Roman Empire was the efficiency and speed it brought over to lordship and administration.
The chariot was capable of speeds that could assure relatively quick communication if a firm and reasonably sloping surface could be had. The Romans accomplished such construction by devising a drained sub-base to be paved with fairly tight-fitting flat rocks. Few of these roads were wide enough to allow wagons to pass each other. In fact, the pavements were rather narrow for the passage of a single wagon; only chariots fitted comfortably.

Romans were not particularly successful in operating wagons or carts for the handling of freight. In common with other southern Eurasian cultures, the Romans kept oxen and knew how to employ their strength to draw loads using the horn and then the withered yoke. But they made no technical improvements on two-wheel and four-wheel carts. The wheels were rigidly fixed to the axle, forcing left and right wheels to revolve together and at the same speed but over different distances. Turning from a straight course thus forced one side to move farther than the other, dragging the wheels on one side while introducing considerable frictional resistance on the other. Furthermore, the axles were rigidly fixed to the cart's frame so any turning motion forced the cart to be dragged into a turn rather than turning into it by steering the direction of the wheels. Only the Celts had by Roman times discovered the efficiency of the pivoting front axle as well as a better harness to attach the horse to the cart.
  1. True

  2. False

  3. Not Given

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The passage clearly states 'they made no technical improvements on two-wheel and four-wheel carts' and describes serious design flaws like rigidly fixed wheels and axles that created friction and made turning difficult. This directly contradicts the statement claiming Romans' carts were 'technologically advanced'. The passage indicates their cart technology was primitive compared to Celts' innovations.

Multiple choice

Directions: According to the passage, state whether the given statement is True, False or Not Given.

Wagons and Chariot were equal in size.

ROMAN LAND TRANSPORTATION: THE ROMAN ROAD SYSTEM
In the Roman Empire, for the first time in history, a system of fully connected roads (and of cities connected by roads) came into existence. But, its military and administrative purposes were clear; when the question was the shipment of wheat or other bulky staples, the method used was almost certainly a relatively primitive sailing ship. Land transport was too costly of food resources to be employed in freight shipment: the justification for the extensive land transportation system of the Roman Empire was the efficiency and speed it brought over to lordship and administration.
The chariot was capable of speeds that could assure relatively quick communication if a firm and reasonably sloping surface could be had. The Romans accomplished such construction by devising a drained sub-base to be paved with fairly tight-fitting flat rocks. Few of these roads were wide enough to allow wagons to pass each other. In fact, the pavements were rather narrow for the passage of a single wagon; only chariots fitted comfortably.

Romans were not particularly successful in operating wagons or carts for the handling of freight. In common with other southern Eurasian cultures, the Romans kept oxen and knew how to employ their strength to draw loads using the horn and then the withered yoke. But they made no technical improvements on two-wheel and four-wheel carts. The wheels were rigidly fixed to the axle, forcing left and right wheels to revolve together and at the same speed but over different distances. Turning from a straight course thus forced one side to move farther than the other, dragging the wheels on one side while introducing considerable frictional resistance on the other. Furthermore, the axles were rigidly fixed to the cart's frame so any turning motion forced the cart to be dragged into a turn rather than turning into it by steering the direction of the wheels. Only the Celts had by Roman times discovered the efficiency of the pivoting front axle as well as a better harness to attach the horse to the cart.
  1. True

  2. False

  3. Not Given

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The passage states 'only chariots fitted comfortably' and 'pavements were rather narrow for the passage of a single wagon'. This clearly indicates wagons were larger than chariots - wagons barely fit while chariots fit comfortably. The statement claiming they were 'equal in size' is directly contradicted by the text.

Multiple choice

Directions: According to the passage, state whether the given statement is True, False or Not Given.

All roads were broad for the wagon.

ROMAN LAND TRANSPORTATION: THE ROMAN ROAD SYSTEM
In the Roman Empire, for the first time in history, a system of fully connected roads (and of cities connected by roads) came into existence. But, its military and administrative purposes were clear; when the question was the shipment of wheat or other bulky staples, the method used was almost certainly a relatively primitive sailing ship. Land transport was too costly of food resources to be employed in freight shipment: the justification for the extensive land transportation system of the Roman Empire was the efficiency and speed it brought over to lordship and administration.
The chariot was capable of speeds that could assure relatively quick communication if a firm and reasonably sloping surface could be had. The Romans accomplished such construction by devising a drained sub-base to be paved with fairly tight-fitting flat rocks. Few of these roads were wide enough to allow wagons to pass each other. In fact, the pavements were rather narrow for the passage of a single wagon; only chariots fitted comfortably.

Romans were not particularly successful in operating wagons or carts for the handling of freight. In common with other southern Eurasian cultures, the Romans kept oxen and knew how to employ their strength to draw loads using the horn and then the withered yoke. But they made no technical improvements on two-wheel and four-wheel carts. The wheels were rigidly fixed to the axle, forcing left and right wheels to revolve together and at the same speed but over different distances. Turning from a straight course thus forced one side to move farther than the other, dragging the wheels on one side while introducing considerable frictional resistance on the other. Furthermore, the axles were rigidly fixed to the cart's frame so any turning motion forced the cart to be dragged into a turn rather than turning into it by steering the direction of the wheels. Only the Celts had by Roman times discovered the efficiency of the pivoting front axle as well as a better harness to attach the horse to the cart.
  1. True

  2. False

  3. Not Given

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The passage explicitly states 'Few of these roads were wide enough to allow wagons to pass each other. In fact, the pavements were rather narrow for the passage of a single wagon'. This directly contradicts the statement that 'All roads were broad for the wagon'. The text says roads were generally narrow, not broad.

Multiple choice

Directions: According to the passage, state whether the given statement is True, False or Not Given.

Wheat was very bulky to be transported.

ROMAN LAND TRANSPORTATION: THE ROMAN ROAD SYSTEM
In the Roman Empire, for the first time in history, a system of fully connected roads (and of cities connected by roads) came into existence. But, its military and administrative purposes were clear; when the question was the shipment of wheat or other bulky staples, the method used was almost certainly a relatively primitive sailing ship. Land transport was too costly of food resources to be employed in freight shipment: the justification for the extensive land transportation system of the Roman Empire was the efficiency and speed it brought over to lordship and administration.
The chariot was capable of speeds that could assure relatively quick communication if a firm and reasonably sloping surface could be had. The Romans accomplished such construction by devising a drained sub-base to be paved with fairly tight-fitting flat rocks. Few of these roads were wide enough to allow wagons to pass each other. In fact, the pavements were rather narrow for the passage of a single wagon; only chariots fitted comfortably.

Romans were not particularly successful in operating wagons or carts for the handling of freight. In common with other southern Eurasian cultures, the Romans kept oxen and knew how to employ their strength to draw loads using the horn and then the withered yoke. But they made no technical improvements on two-wheel and four-wheel carts. The wheels were rigidly fixed to the axle, forcing left and right wheels to revolve together and at the same speed but over different distances. Turning from a straight course thus forced one side to move farther than the other, dragging the wheels on one side while introducing considerable frictional resistance on the other. Furthermore, the axles were rigidly fixed to the cart's frame so any turning motion forced the cart to be dragged into a turn rather than turning into it by steering the direction of the wheels. Only the Celts had by Roman times discovered the efficiency of the pivoting front axle as well as a better harness to attach the horse to the cart.
  1. True

  2. False

  3. Not Given

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The passage characterizes wheat as 'bulky' and explains that land transport was too costly for such bulky staples, requiring sailing ships instead. This confirms wheat's properties made it very challenging to transport over land. The statement accurately reflects the passage's description of wheat as bulky and difficult to transport.

Multiple choice

Directions: According to the passage, state whether the given statement is True, False or Not Given.

Romans inherited a developed transport system from the earlier empires.

ROMAN LAND TRANSPORTATION: THE ROMAN ROAD SYSTEM
In the Roman Empire, for the first time in history, a system of fully connected roads (and of cities connected by roads) came into existence. But, its military and administrative purposes were clear; when the question was the shipment of wheat or other bulky staples, the method used was almost certainly a relatively primitive sailing ship. Land transport was too costly of food resources to be employed in freight shipment: the justification for the extensive land transportation system of the Roman Empire was the efficiency and speed it brought over to lordship and administration.
The chariot was capable of speeds that could assure relatively quick communication if a firm and reasonably sloping surface could be had. The Romans accomplished such construction by devising a drained sub-base to be paved with fairly tight-fitting flat rocks. Few of these roads were wide enough to allow wagons to pass each other. In fact, the pavements were rather narrow for the passage of a single wagon; only chariots fitted comfortably.

Romans were not particularly successful in operating wagons or carts for the handling of freight. In common with other southern Eurasian cultures, the Romans kept oxen and knew how to employ their strength to draw loads using the horn and then the withered yoke. But they made no technical improvements on two-wheel and four-wheel carts. The wheels were rigidly fixed to the axle, forcing left and right wheels to revolve together and at the same speed but over different distances. Turning from a straight course thus forced one side to move farther than the other, dragging the wheels on one side while introducing considerable frictional resistance on the other. Furthermore, the axles were rigidly fixed to the cart's frame so any turning motion forced the cart to be dragged into a turn rather than turning into it by steering the direction of the wheels. Only the Celts had by Roman times discovered the efficiency of the pivoting front axle as well as a better harness to attach the horse to the cart.
  1. True

  2. False

  3. Not Given

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The passage states 'for the first time in history, a system of fully connected roads...came into existence' referring to the Roman Empire. This clearly indicates the Roman road system was an innovation, not something inherited from earlier empires. The statement claiming inheritance from earlier empires contradicts the text's emphasis on this being a historical first.

Multiple choice

Directions: According to the passage, state whether the given statement is True, False or Not Given.

The animal horns were used in the food.

ROMAN LAND TRANSPORTATION: THE ROMAN ROAD SYSTEM
In the Roman Empire, for the first time in history, a system of fully connected roads (and of cities connected by roads) came into existence. But, its military and administrative purposes were clear; when the question was the shipment of wheat or other bulky staples, the method used was almost certainly a relatively primitive sailing ship. Land transport was too costly of food resources to be employed in freight shipment: the justification for the extensive land transportation system of the Roman Empire was the efficiency and speed it brought over to lordship and administration.
The chariot was capable of speeds that could assure relatively quick communication if a firm and reasonably sloping surface could be had. The Romans accomplished such construction by devising a drained sub-base to be paved with fairly tight-fitting flat rocks. Few of these roads were wide enough to allow wagons to pass each other. In fact, the pavements were rather narrow for the passage of a single wagon; only chariots fitted comfortably.

Romans were not particularly successful in operating wagons or carts for the handling of freight. In common with other southern Eurasian cultures, the Romans kept oxen and knew how to employ their strength to draw loads using the horn and then the withered yoke. But they made no technical improvements on two-wheel and four-wheel carts. The wheels were rigidly fixed to the axle, forcing left and right wheels to revolve together and at the same speed but over different distances. Turning from a straight course thus forced one side to move farther than the other, dragging the wheels on one side while introducing considerable frictional resistance on the other. Furthermore, the axles were rigidly fixed to the cart's frame so any turning motion forced the cart to be dragged into a turn rather than turning into it by steering the direction of the wheels. Only the Celts had by Roman times discovered the efficiency of the pivoting front axle as well as a better harness to attach the horse to the cart.
  1. True

  2. False

  3. Not Given

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The passage mentions 'employ their strength using the horn and then the withered yoke' in the context of harnessing oxen for pulling loads. It does not state whether horns were used in food. The statement makes a claim about food usage that is not addressed anywhere in the passage, making it impossible to determine from the given text.