Legal History and Systems

Aquinas recognises four main types of law: The eternal, the natural, the human and the divine. The last three all depend on the first, but in different ways. Were we to arrange them in a hierarchy, eternal would be at the top, then natural and then human. Divine law is not in conflict with natural law, but it reaches human beings by a different route, revelation.

That is the view of Gray in his "Nature and Sources of the Law". He said that the law is what the judges declare; that statutes, precedents, the opinions of learned experts, customs and morality are the sources of the law.

The term 'legislation' is derived from two Latin words, ‘legis’ meaning 'law' and ‘latum’ meaning 'to make, put or set'. Etymologically, 'legislation' means 'the making or the setting of law'.

The Magna Carta (1215) established the principle that even the monarch was subject to the law, laying the foundation for constitutional law and limited government. It influenced constitutional development worldwide, though it didn't directly create international, labor, or criminal law systems.

This is the correct answer as both statements are correct. These laws imposed social codes of food and dress upon different strata of society in France. They prevented social inferiors from wearing certain clothes and consuming certain foods and beverages associated with the aristocracy.

Sumptuary Laws were legislation from 1294 to 1789 in medieval Europe that regulated clothing, food, and expenditure based on social class. These laws enforced social hierarchy by dictating what different classes could wear, consume, or display. The term comes from Latin 'sumptus' meaning expenditure.

For Aristotle, justice is a virtue of the state and not of the individual. He mentions two types of justice: distributive and corrective. His concept of distributive justice should not be understood in the modern egalitarian sense. Distributive justice in its modern sense seeks to reduce extreme inequalities in wealth and income.

This is the correct answer, as the passage covers these topics briefly.

Great Britain

Limitation Act, 1963 was enacted on October 5, 1963 and came into force on January 1, 1964 for the purpose of consolidating and amending the legal principles relating to limitation of suits and other legal proceedings.

It is defined by Paul Vino Gradoff.

Section 300 of the code of criminal procedure is based on the maxim “Nemo debet bis vexari pro eadem causa”, i.e. a man shall not be twice vexed for one and the same cause.

Hammurabi was the Babylonian king who created the Code of Hammurabi around 1754 BC, one of the earliest and most complete written legal codes in human history. Khufu built pyramids, Herodotus wrote history, and Celsus wrote medicine - none gave their subjects a code of laws.

The Civil Code of 1804, which standardized laws and abolished privileges based on birth, is widely known as the Napoleonic Code.

Historically, customs and social practices formed the basis of law before formal legislative bodies existed. Legal systems evolved from these established societal norms.