Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characters, which suggests that organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring.

The phrase 'survival of the fittest' is most famously associated with Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, although it was coined by Herbert Spencer.

Alfred Russel Wallace independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection. He sent his findings to Charles Darwin, which prompted Darwin to finally publish his own work.

Christiaan Huygens proposed the wave theory of light in 1678. This contrasted with Newton's corpuscular theory of light.

Har Gobind Khorana shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in deciphering the genetic code and demonstrating how the order of nucleotides in nucleic acids determines the order of amino acids in proteins.

Formic acid was first isolated in 1671 by the English naturalist John Ray, who distilled it from a large number of ants. The name comes from the Latin word for ant, formica.

Selman Waksman coined the term 'antibiotic' in 1947 to describe substances produced by microorganisms that inhibit other microorganisms. Note: The name is misspelled as 'Walksman' in the option - it should be 'Waksman'. Louis Pasteur discovered germ theory, Babes worked on pathogens, and Woodruff discovered antimicrobials but didn't coin the term.

Pluto was discovered on February 18, 1930, by astronomer Clyde Tombaugh at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona.

William Bateson was a British biologist who coined the term 'genetics' and was instrumental in promoting Mendel's laws of inheritance.

John Logie Baird is widely credited with demonstrating the first working color television system in 1928.

Elihu Thomson is credited with inventing the electric resistance welding process in 1877.

Samuel F. B. Morse, along with Alfred Vail, developed the Morse code for use with the electric telegraph.