Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

Martinus Willem Beijerinck was a Dutch microbiologist and botanist. In 1901, he discovered that symbiotic nitrogen fixation is done by rhizobium.

J.J. Thomson used cathode rays in his experiment. Rays attracted a positively charged plate kept over the cathode ray tube. It made him infer that the rays are made up of negatively charged particles, which were later called electrons.

The mathematical concept of zero as a number and its use in the decimal system was developed by ancient Indian mathematicians, most notably Aryabhata and Brahmagupta.

John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry developed the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) at Iowa State University between 1937 and 1942. It is recognized as the first electronic digital computing device, utilizing vacuum tubes and binary math. While other computers like ENIAC followed, the ABC was the pioneer in electronic digital computing.

James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the double-helical structure of DNA in 1953. Their model explained how genetic information is stored and replicated in living organisms.

Herman Hollerith developed a punched card tabulating machine to help process data for the 1890 U.S. Census. His company later merged with others to eventually become IBM.

Dennis Ritchie created the C programming language at Bell Labs in the early 1970s. It was designed to be a general-purpose language and was used to rewrite the Unix operating system.

The 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Paul Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield for their seminal discoveries that led to the development of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Erasmus Darwin wrote 'Zoonomia' in 1794. It deals with pathology, anatomy, psychology and functioning of the body.

This is the correct match. Wasp (Aleiodes gaga) is named after Lady Gaga. Beetle (Agra schwarzeneggeri) is named after Arnold Schwarzenegger. Fish (Aesopichthys) is named after Aesop. Spider (Anelosimus nelsoni) is named after Nelson Mandela.

Dr. Ian Wilmut was a British biologist who led the research team at the Roslin Institute that successfully cloned the first mammal from an adult cell. This sheep, named Dolly, was born in 1996 and represented a massive breakthrough in genetic research. He is not the discoverer of DNA structure, which is credited to Watson, Crick, and Franklin.

The Nobel Prize in Economics was established in 1968 by Sweden's central bank and was first awarded in 1969. The other five categories (Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, and Peace) were established by Alfred Nobel's will and first awarded in 1901. Economics is the only category not part of the original set of prizes.

Benjamin Franklin

Thomas Alva Edison was a prolific American inventor responsible for the phonograph, the practical incandescent light bulb, and early motion picture technology.