Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

Fred Riggs developed the prismatic sala model as part of his comparative public administration theory. The 'sala' represents the hybrid nature of administrative systems in developing/transitional societies, combining characteristics of both traditional (diffracted) and modern (fused) systems. Riggs' ecological approach to public administration is foundational in the field.

Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek is commonly known as the Father of Microbiology.Sperm cells were first observed by him.

Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 at St. Mary's Hospital in London. He observed that the Penicillium fungus had antibacterial properties, revolutionizing medicine and earning the 1945 Nobel Prize.

Christopher Sholes invented the first practical typewriter in 1867, with commercial production beginning in 1873. His QWERTY keyboard layout, designed to prevent typebar jams, became the standard for typewriters and later computers. The other names listed are associated with different inventions.

Yes, it is the correct answer. While herding his sheep, his stick with metal tip got stuck to a rock. The rock was a natural magnet.

Correct option: J. J. Thomson measured charge to mass ratio of electron in 1897 for the first time.

Correct answer is (1). 

In 1909, Richard Richter developed the first intrauterine device made from silkworm gut.

Francoise Barre-Sinoussi和Luc Montagnier因发现HIV病毒（导致艾滋病）而获得2008年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。其他选项是其他领域的获奖者。

Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie和Roger Tsien因在绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）方面的开创性工作而获得2008年诺贝尔化学奖。选项B是2008年医学奖获奖者。

Harald zur Hausen received the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer. This led to the development of HPV vaccines.

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Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline, a mechanical calculator/adding machine in 1642 at age 19. Archimedes lived in ancient times, Newton and Descartes were 17th century contemporaries but did not invent adding machines - Pascal's invention was the first of its kind.

Ada Lovelace (born Augusta Ada Byron) is widely recognized as the first computer programmer for her work on Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine in the 1840s. She wrote what is considered the first algorithm intended to be processed by a machine. Blaise Pascal built a mechanical calculator, Douglas Engelbart invented the mouse, and Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web.

Douglas Engelbart invented the computer mouse in 1964 at Stanford Research Institute. The mouse was originally called an 'X-Y Position Indicator for a Display System.' Ada Lovelace was the first programmer, Tracy Kidder is an author, and Dennis Ritchie created the C programming language and Unix.