International Relations

Imperialism is the policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by establishing economic and political hegemony over other nations.

European colonial borders were often drawn without regard for existing ethnic, linguistic, or religious boundaries, forcing rival groups into the same political unit and leading to significant post-independence instability.

The current borders of most sub-Saharan African states were established by European powers during the Scramble for Africa, often ignoring existing ethnic and cultural groupings.

Appeasement is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict, most notably practiced by Britain and France toward Hitler.

Appeasement is a diplomatic policy of making political, material, or territorial concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict. A famous historical example is Great Britain and France's policy toward Nazi Germany in the late 1930s.

The United Nations (UN) Charter, signed in 1945, explicitly enshrined the principle of self-determination of peoples. This principle provided powerful international legitimacy and support to independence movements throughout Africa and Asia.

The global budget for UN Peacekeeping is relatively small, typically amounting to less than 7 billion dollars annually. In comparison, global military expenditures and weapons spending exceed 2 trillion dollars each year. This means peacekeeping costs represent a tiny fraction, well under 0.5 percent, of what is spent on global militaries.

The Domino Theory suggested that if one country in a region fell to communism, the surrounding countries would inevitably follow, like a row of falling dominoes.

The Diet of Japan is the country's bicameral legislature, consisting of the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors.

Isolationism is the foreign policy of avoiding alliances and political or military involvement with other nations.

While the UAE has high internet penetration and infrastructure, it is not the first country to declare internet access a legal right (that distinction is often attributed to countries like Estonia or Finland).

Terrorism is fundamentally defined by the use of violence or the threat of violence against non-combatants to create fear and achieve political, religious, or ideological objectives.

National security encompasses the protection of a country's sovereignty, its citizens' well-being, and its ability to survive and function against various internal and external threats.

Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy was known as Moral Diplomacy, which focused on supporting countries whose beliefs were analogous to those of the United States.