Indian States and Union Territories

Ranchi is the capital of Jharkhand, a state in eastern India that was carved out of the southern part of Bihar in 2000. It became a state capital when Jharkhand achieved statehood on November 15, 2000, and has served as the administrative center since then. Tamil Nadu's capital is Chennai, Andhra Pradesh's capital is Amaravati, and Kerala's capital is Thiruvananthapuram.

Uttarakhand (formerly Uttaranchal) shares a border with Nepal along the Himalayan region. The India-Nepal border covers approximately 1,690 kilometers, and Uttarakhand is one of the Indian states that touches this boundary. Other bordering states include Sikkim, West Bengal, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh.

Madhya Pradesh is known as the 'Central State' (or 'Heart of India') because of its geographical location in the center of the Indian subcontinent. Its name literally translates to 'Central Province'.

Andhra Pradesh was the first state in India to be formed on a linguistic basis in 1953, carved out of the Madras Presidency for Telugu-speaking people. This followed the prolonged Potti Sriramulu fast unto death demanding a separate state for Telugu speakers. The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 later created other states based on language. This marked the beginning of linguistic federalism in India.

Kerala was the first state in India to implement electronic payment facilities for VAT payments by traders. This early adoption of digital tax payment systems positioned Kerala as a pioneer in e-governance and digital tax administration in India.

AP is the official vehicle registration code for Andhra Pradesh state in India. Indian vehicle registration plates use two-letter codes for each state/union territory. AP stands for Andhra Pradesh (option B), not Arunachal Pradesh (which uses AR). Option C appears to be a fabricated name.

CG is the official vehicle registration code for Chhattisgarh, displayed on license plates from this state. Chandigarh uses CH, while Chennai (a city in Tamil Nadu) falls under the TN state code.

Jharkhand became the 28th state of India on November 15, 2000, along with Chhattisgarh (which became the 26th) and Uttarakhand (which became the 27th). The Bihar Reorganization Act, 2000 created Jharkhand from the southern regions of Bihar.

Nandini is the brand name of the Karnataka Milk Federation (KMF), similar to how Amul is owned by Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF). Nandini is well-known across South India for its dairy products including milk, curd, and ghee.

Punjab won the Santosh Trophy (football tournament) in the 1974-75 season, making option B correct. The Santosh Trophy is India's premier football tournament for states.

Meghalaya means 'abode of clouds' in Sanskrit. The name reflects the state's geography where clouds frequently envelop the hills. Kolkata is a city, not a state, while Punjab and Arunachal Pradesh have different etymologies.