Indian Rivers and Waterways

The Manu River originates in the Tripura hills and flows through the state before entering Bangladesh. It is one of the major rivers of Tripura and has significant importance for the region's agriculture and ecology. The Tapti flows through central India, Barak through Assam and Manipur, and Brahmissippi is spelled incorrectly and flows through the northeast but not originating specifically in Tripura.

The Ganga (Ganges) is indeed the longest river in India by length, flowing about 2,525 km through the heart of India. While the Brahmaputra carries more water, the Ganga has the greatest length within Indian territory. The Yamuna is a major tributary of the Ganga, not a separate long river. Krishna and Narmada are significant peninsular rivers but much shorter than the Ganga.

The Ganga originates from Gaumukh (cow's mouth) glacier in the Gangotri region of the Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand. Gaumukh is the snout of the Gangotri glacier where the river emerges. Mansarovar is a sacred lake in Tibet, while Auli and Kedarnath are other locations in Uttarakhand but not the river's source.

The Narmada is one of the major west-flowing rivers in India that empties into the Arabian Sea. The Krishna, Cauvery, and Mahanadi all flow eastward into the Bay of Bengal. West-flowing rivers like the Narmada and Tapti are distinctive because they flow through narrow coastal plains rather than the broad deltas of east-flowing rivers.

The Cauvery river dispute between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka escalated dramatically in the 1990s, with the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal providing its interim award in 1991. The dispute centers on water sharing during drought years, with Tamil Nadu claiming historic usage rights and Karnataka asserting its position as an upstream state. This is one of India's most persistent inter-state river conflicts.

Medha Patkar is best known as the leading activist of the Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA), a movement opposing the construction of large dams on the Narmada river. The NBA focused on issues of displacement, environmental degradation, and the rights of tribal communities affected by the Sardar Sarovar Dam project. Her activism brought international attention to the human costs of large dam projects in India.

The Ganga has the largest river basin in India, covering approximately 26% of the country's geographical area. The Ganga basin spans across 11 states and supports over 40% of India's population through its extensive network of tributaries including the Yamuna, Ghaghara, and Gandak. This makes it significantly larger than the basins of the Indus, Narmada, or Brahmaputra rivers.

The Brahmaputra river flows through Assam and is notorious for frequent course changes, particularly in its braided channel sections. This behavior causes severe bank erosion and flooding in the Assam valley. The river carries enormous sediment loads from the Himalayas, which causes it to constantly shift its course, especially during the monsoon season. This makes the Brahmaputra one of the most unstable rivers in the world.

The Amazon River is the world's largest by discharge volume and width, especially during the wet season when it can reach 40 kilometers wide. The Nile is the longest river, while the Mississippi and Brahmaputra are significant but narrower.

The Ganges river (Ganga) was officially declared India's national river in 2008. Therefore, the statement 'Ganges is not National River' is false, making option B correct.

Patna is situated on the banks of the Ganga river. Ujjain is on the Shipra river, Ayodhya is on the Sarayu river, and Digboi is in Assam on the Burhi Dingring river.

Ujjain is situated on the banks of the Shipra (Kshipra) River in Madhya Pradesh. The city is one of the seven sacred cities (Sapta Puri) in Hinduism and hosts the Kumbh Mela.

The Beas River originates from Beas Kund, a glacial lake located in the Dhauladhar range of the Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh. It is a tributary of the Sutlej River and flows through the Kullu Valley. Beas Kund is considered the source of this important river in the Indus river system.

The Chenab River originates from the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers in the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh. These two rivers join at Tandi to form the Chandrabhaga (Chenab), which then flows through Jammu and Kashmir. The river is an important tributary of the Indus system and has significant hydroelectric potential.

Amarkantak is a plateau region in Madhya Pradesh where three major rivers originate within 20 kilometers of each other: the Narmada (flowing west), the Mahanadi (flowing east), and the Son (a tributary of the Ganges). This unique convergence of river sources makes it a significant geographical feature and pilgrimage site in central India. Ooty, Raipur, and Bhilai are not associated with these river origins.