Indian Power and Energy Sector

Prithvi is India's indigenously developed short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile, not a nuclear reactor, mobile phone, or national park. Developed by DRDO, it's a key component of India's missile defense program.

Correct option is (4).

Bhilai (established 1955) and Bokaro (established 1964) steel plants were set up with Soviet collaboration as part of India's Second and Third Five-Year Plans. Jamshedpur was established by Tata (private initiative), and Durgapur was established with British and German collaboration. The Soviet model influenced both technology and organizational structure at Bhilai and Bokaro.

This power plant will be built in Samalkot in Andhra Pradesh.

Navaratna PSUs are India's most prestigious public sector enterprises with significant operational and financial autonomy. SAIL, BHEL, and NTPC are all Navaratna companies, while Shipping Corporation of India is a Miniratna (not Navaratna) PSU.

Chhattisgarh is a power-surplus state with substantial coal-based thermal power plants. It generates more electricity than it consumes, supplying power to other states.

Posco's planned 12 million tonne per annum steel plant was proposed for Jagatsinghpur district in Odisha. This was a major foreign direct investment project that faced significant delays due to land acquisition challenges and environmental concerns.

The Supreme Court of India approved the diversion of 3,097 acres of forest land for POSCO's proposed 12 million tonne steel plant in Jagatsinghpur district, Odisha (then Orissa). This was a contentious project that faced significant environmental and land acquisition protests over many years.

Chitranjan (also spelled Chittaranjan) in West Bengal is the manufacturing location for electric rail engines in India. The Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW), established in 1947, produces electric locomotives for Indian Railways. It is one of the major production units of Indian Railways and has manufactured thousands of electric engines over the decades.

Thermal power accounts for the largest share of power generation in India, primarily through coal-based power plants. This is due to India's abundant coal reserves and established thermal infrastructure. While hydroelectric, nuclear, and solar power are growing, thermal power still dominates the energy mix at approximately 60-65% of total generation.

Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS) in Maharashtra is India's first and oldest commercial nuclear power station, commissioned in 1969 with assistance from the United States. Kota and Narora came later (1970s-80s). Tarapur has two operating units and remains a significant part of India's nuclear power program.

Lignite production has been increased in recent years in India.

Gondwana coal fields are the oldest coal fields in the world. These coal fields are about 250 million years old. These coal fields occur mostly in river valleys such as Damodar, Mahanadi, Son, Godavari, Wardha and Narmada.

293.5 billion metric tonnes is the total estimated coal reserve in India.

India stands third in the production of coal in the world.