Indian Law and Jurisprudence

Section 15 in The Indian Contract Act, 1872: ‘Coercion’ is the committing, or threatening to commit, any act forbidden by the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) or the unlawful detaining, or threatening to detain, any property, to the prejudice of any person whatever, with the intention of causing any person to enter into an agreement. 

The BRS is required to detect errors and frauds for internal control only. Profitability statement and balance sheet are statutory and compulsory requirements.

Right because all above mentioned cases are not of civil nature.

Habeas corpus - 'You must present the person in court' is a writ (legal action) which requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court. This ensures that a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention, in other words, detention lacking sufficient cause or evidence. The remedy can be sought by the prisoner or by another person coming to the prisoner's aid. The legal right to apply for a habeas corpus is also called by the same name. This right originated in the English legal system, and is now available in many nations. It has historically been an important legal instrument safeguarding individual freedom against arbitrary state action. 

Section 13(1 A) of Hindu Marriage Act lays provisions for irretrievable break down theory that is marriage needs to an end and nobody is in fault.

Cruelty under section 498 A means any wilfull conduct which is of such a nature as is likely to drive the woman to commit suicide or to cause grave injury or danger to life, limb or health (whether material or physical) of the woman and harassment of the woman to coercing her to meet any unlawful demand for any property. It includes mental torture, physical torture and demand of dowry.

Sec 264 of IPC states the fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing.

Section 354D of the Indian Penal Code states that any man who —

follows a woman and contacts, or attempts to contact such woman to foster personal interaction repeatedly despite a clear indication of disinterest by such woman; or monitors a woman by the use of the internet, email or any other form of electronic communication, commits the offence of stalking.

Sec 354A of IPC deals with sexual harassment.

Section 8: Appointment of Protection Officers The State Government shall, by notification, appoint such number of Protection Officers in each district as it may consider necessary and shall also notify the area or areas within which a Protection Officer shall exercise the powers and perform the duties conferred on him by or under this Act.

Under sections of the Motor Vehicle Act, a person found driving under the influence of alcohol can be fined up to Rs. 2000.

In all of the above circumstances, appropriate government has the power to commute a sentence.

Proceedings under Section 125 may be taken against any person in any district (a) where he is (b) where he or his wife resides (c) where he last resided with his wife, or as the case may be, with the mother of the illegitimate child

Abetting war against the Government of India shall be punishable with life imprisonment.

There is no estoppel against the state government or central government.