Biology
Human Reproductive System
751 Questions
The human reproductive system covers the anatomy of reproductive organs, gamete production, fertilization processes, and reproductive technologies. This is a highly scoring area in biology sections of competitive exams. Use these questions to practice key concepts.
Fertilization processGamete productionReproductive organ functionsAssisted reproductive technology
Human Reproductive System Questions
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Egg cells
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Polar nuclei
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Egg cells and polar nuclei
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Antipodal cells
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Fusion of egg cell and polar nuclei with two distinct sperms is called double fertilisation.
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External fertilisation
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Fusion
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Syngamy
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Implantation
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Syngamy is the fusion of male gamete (sperm) with the female gamete (egg) to form a zygote. External fertilization occurs outside the body (like in frogs), while implantation happens after fertilization.
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Zygote
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Embryo
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Blastocyst
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Ovum
A
Correct answer
Explanation
A zygote is the single cell formed by fertilization - fusion of male sperm and female egg. An embryo develops from the zygote after division. A blastocyst is an early embryonic stage. Ovum is the unfertilized egg.
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fallopian tubes
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uterus
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ovary
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oviduct
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Ova (eggs) are produced in the ovaries through the process of oogenesis. The ovaries contain follicles that house and develop the ova before ovulation.
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conjugation
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fertilization
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ovulation
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copulation
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Ovulation is the process where a mature ovarian follicle ruptures and releases the ovum (egg) from the ovary. This typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle.
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low temperature
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very high temperature
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same temperature as inside the abdomen
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lower temperature than inside the abdomen
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Sperm maturation requires a temperature 2-3°C lower than core body temperature. This is why testes are located in the scrotum outside the abdominal cavity.
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vestibules
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vagina
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uterus
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fallopian tube
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube (oviduct), where the sperm meets and penetrates the ovum. The fertilized zygote then travels to the uterus for implantation.
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uriniferous tubules
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malpighian tubules
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vasa efferentia
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seminiferous tubules
D
Correct answer
Explanation
The testes are composed of numerous coiled seminiferous tubules, which are the site of spermatogenesis (sperm production). Other options are kidney structures.
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vasectomy
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tubectomy
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IUCD
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barrier method
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Vasectomy is a surgical contraception method where a small portion of the vas deferens is cut or sealed to prevent sperm transport. Tubectomy involves the fallopian tubes in females.
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drying up
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mechanical injury
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sterility due to high temperature
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excessive hormone secretion
C
Correct answer
Explanation
The testes descend into the scrotum to maintain a temperature 2-3°C lower than abdominal cavity temperature. This lower temperature is essential for normal spermatogenesis and fertility.
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cowper's gland
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seminal vesicle
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prostate gland
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epididymis
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Sperms achieve motility and maturity in seminal vesicle.
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The fertilised egg is cultured for 2–6 days in a growth medium.
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IVF also assists in male infertility.
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The major complication of IVF is the risk of multiple births.
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In vitro fertilisation is usually performed in test tubes.
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Ovarian hyperstimulation induces development of multiple follicles of the ovaries.
D
Correct answer
Explanation
In vitro fertilisation is usually performed in the shallow containers called petri dishes.
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Paradidymis
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Stereocilia
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Apical cells
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Basal cells
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Main cells
E
Correct answer
Explanation
They secrete carnitine, sialic acid, glycoproteins and glycerylphosphorylcholine into the lumen.
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Semen passes through the urethra.
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Sperm swims towards the egg by chemotaxi.
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The male and female pronuclei move towards each other while duplicating their DNA in S phase.
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Fertilisation begins with the binding of sperm head to the glycoprotein coating of the egg.
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Follicle stimulating hormone opens catsper channels in the plasma membrane surrounding the anterior portion of the sperm tail.
E
Correct answer
Explanation
Progesterone opens catsper ("cation sperm") channels.
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Spermatogonium
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Secondary spermatocytes
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Primary spermatocytes
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Spermatozoon
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Spermatids
D
Correct answer
Explanation
In mammals, the sex of the offspring is determined by the sperm cell. A spermatozoon bearing a Y chromosome will lead to a male (XY) offspring, while one bearing an X chromosome will lead to a female (XX) offspring.