Biology · General Awareness
Human Endocrine System
1,530 Questions
The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.
Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones
Human Endocrine System Questions
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is released under the influence of hypothalamic Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); inhibited by somatostatin.
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), is released under the influence of hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH).
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), is released under the influence of hypothalamus.
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Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin and AVP, arginine vasopressin), the majority of which is released from the supraoptic nucleus in the hypothalamus.
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Melanocyte–stimulating hormones (MSHs), although this function is often (imprecisely) attributed to the anterior pituitary. These are sometimes called intermedins, as these are released by the pars intermedia.
C
Correct answer
Explanation
This is incorrect statement. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), is released under the influence of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH).
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STH
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thyroxin
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insulin
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None of these
C
Correct answer
Explanation
The first human hormone produced by recombinant DNA technology was insulin.
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LH
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Progesterone
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Oxytocin
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GNRH
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Luteinising hormone is responsible for ovulation and its level is at peak on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle.
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theca interna
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theca externa
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primary follicle
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graffian follicle
D
Correct answer
Explanation
As the follicle ripens, it increases in size to form graffian follicle.
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Biogenic amine
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Protein hormone
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Steroid hormone
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Peptide hormone
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Oxytocin is a peptide hormone.
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Chorionic thyrotropin
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Relaxin
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Estrogen
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Prolactin
D
Correct answer
Explanation
It is not an hCG. It helps in the secretion and storage of milk in the mother after the birth of the young one.
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Somatotrophic hormone
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Oxytocin
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Vasopressin
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Estrogen
D
Correct answer
Explanation
It is secreted by the graffian follicles and helps in ovulation during the menstrual cycle.
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Liver - cholesterol
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Ovary - estrogen
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Testes - testosterone
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Pancreas - glucagons
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Leydig's cells are present in testes and secrete male hormone testosterone.
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LH production in the pituitary ceases
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sperm production increases
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GnRH release ceases
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pituitary releases LH
D
Correct answer
Explanation
The pituitary releases LH when the level of blood testosterone falls, which has positive feedback with hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland.
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Adrenalin
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Insulin
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Glucagon
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Oxytocin
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Glucagon is a catabolic hormone as it converts glycogen to glucose.
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Insulin
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Glucagon
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Testosterone
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Oxytocin
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Oxytocin is a neurohormone secreted by hypothalamus.
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Erythropoietin
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Gastrin
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GIP
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CCK
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Secretin
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Correct answer. Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) inhibits gastric secretion and motility.
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1, 2 and 3
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1, 3 and 5
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2, 3 and 4
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2, 4 and 5
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3, 4 and 5
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Correct answer.
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a powerful vasodilator and a protein (polypeptide) hormone secreted by heart muscle cells.
Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH) are a class of peptide hormones that are produced by cells in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland.
Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone, is a nine amino acid peptide secreted from the posterior pituitary.
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P and Q
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P and R
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P and S
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Q and R
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R and S
C
Correct answer
Explanation
The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones called adrenaline or epinephrine and noradrenaline or norepinephrine. These are commonly called catecholamines.
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PTH : Hypercalcemic hormone
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Glucagon : Hypoglycemic hormone
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ANF : Blood pressure lowering hormone
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FSH : Gonadotropic hormone
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Vasopressin : Antidiuretic hormone
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Glucagon acts mainly on the liver cells (hepatocytes) and stimulates glycogenolysis, resulting in an increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
Insulin acts mainly on hepatocytes and adipocytes (cells of adipose tissue), and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilisation, resulting in rapid movement of glucose from blood to hepatocytes and adipocytes, resulting in decreased blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia).