Historical Dates and Firsts

Sir C.V. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman Effect, which demonstrated the scattering of light by molecules. His discovery that when light passes through a transparent medium, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength, was a groundbreaking contribution to physics. He was the first Asian and first Indian to receive a Nobel Prize in science.

The Nobel Prizes were not awarded during World War II, specifically from 1940 to 1942. This disruption was due to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, where the Nobel Peace Prize is awarded. The Physics and Chemistry prizes (awarded in Sweden) were also not awarded during this period. Some prizes were not awarded in other individual years as well when no worthy candidate was found according to Nobel's will.

MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) was released in 1981 when Microsoft licensed QDOS from Seattle Computer Products. It became the dominant operating system for IBM-compatible PCs throughout the 1980s.

Old Trafford stadium opened in 1910, so its centenary (100th anniversary) was celebrated in 2010. The stadium, nicknamed 'The Theatre of Dreams', was built to accommodate moving from Manchester United's previous ground at Bank Street. The centenary celebrations marked 100 years of football at the iconic venue.

Manchester United was formed in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR Football Club before becoming Manchester United in 1902. 1878 is historically accurate as the founding year. The other dates are incorrect founding years.

Wikipedia was officially launched on January 15, 2001, by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. It was developed as a companion to Nupedia, a free online encyclopedia project, and has since become the world's largest reference work.

James Cameron's Titanic was released in December 1997 and became the highest-grossing film of that year. The movie won 11 Academy Awards and held the box office record for 12 years. 1997 is the correct release year.

Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park was released in 1993 and revolutionized CGI effects in cinema. The film based on Michael Crichton's novel became a massive franchise. 1993 is definitively the correct release year.

Home Alone, the classic Christmas comedy starring Macaulay Culkin, was released in 1990. It became one of the highest-grossing comedies of all time and launched a successful franchise. 1990 is the correct release year.

The 1998 film 'Godzilla' directed by Roland Emmerich is often referred to as 'Godzilla-I' to distinguish it from the original Japanese series. This American reboot featured Matthew Broderick and was controversial among Godzilla fans for significantly redesigning the character. The 'I' suffix likely indicates it's the first of that particular series.

The Mask is a 1994 American superhero comedy film starring Jim Carrey as Stanley Ipkiss, a bank clerk who transforms into a manic superhero when wearing a mysterious mask. The film was directed by Chuck Russell and became a major box office success, launching a franchise.

Basic Instinct is a 1992 erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and starring Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone. The film was controversial upon release but became a box office success and is considered a cult classic of the 1990s thriller genre.

Gladiator is a 2000 historical epic film directed by Ridley Scott and starring Russell Crowe as Maximus Decimus Meridius. The film won the Academy Award for Best Picture and became a defining film of the early 2000s, reviving the historical epic genre in Hollywood.