Grammar

'Latex' is a noun referring to the milky fluid found in many plants or the synthetic material made from it, commonly used in paints, gloves, and medical products. It is always used as a noun.

'Latter' is an adjective referring to the second of two things mentioned previously. It's used to distinguish between two items when one has been described as 'former' and the other as 'latter'.

'Lattice' is a noun referring to a structure of crossed strips or bars forming a pattern, or an abstract structure with regular repeating patterns. It can also be used as a verb but is primarily a noun.

'Laud' is a verb meaning to praise or commend someone or something highly. It's a formal term often used in contexts of recognition or acclaim.

The time marker 'last September' indicates a specific completed past action, requiring simple past tense 'left'. 'Leaving' is not a complete verb form, 'had left' is past perfect (used for earlier of two past actions), and 'has left' is present perfect (for past actions with present relevance). Simple past is correct here.

The word 'about' is a preposition because it connects the verb 'know' with the object 'Shakespeare', showing the relationship between them. Prepositions typically indicate relationships in time, space, or direction.

The word 'above' is a preposition because it shows the spatial relationship between the sun and the horizon. Prepositions indicate location, direction, or relationship between nouns or pronouns.

The word 'about' is an adverb here because it modifies the verb 'running,' describing how or in what manner the children were running. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

The word 'above' shows the spatial relationship between the book and 'me.' Prepositions indicate relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words in a sentence, typically showing position, direction, or time.

Here 'above' functions as an adverb because it modifies the verb 'is' and tells where the bedroom is located. When 'above' stands alone without an object, it acts as an adverb rather than a preposition.

The word 'above' connects 'lives' with 'his means,' showing the relationship or manner of living. Prepositions establish relationships between words, indicating how one thing relates to another.

The word 'after' establishes a temporal relationship between the action 'meet' and the time '5 O' clock.' Prepositions can show relationships in time as well as space.

The word 'above' shows the spatial position of water relative to the danger level. Prepositions indicate position and relationship between things in space.

The word 'after' indicates the sequential relationship between names - your name follows his. Prepositions establish relationships in order, time, or position.

In this context, 'above' functions as a noun because it serves as the object of the preposition 'from,' representing a place or source. When a word typically used as a preposition stands alone as the object of another preposition, it becomes a noun.