Geography ยท General Awareness

Geology and Earth Structure

1,345 Questions

Geology and Earth Structure explores the physical composition of the planet, including its layers, tectonic plates, and seismic activity. This topic is a core component of geography and general science sections in various competitive exams. Reviewing these concepts builds a solid foundation for answering questions related to natural phenomena.

Layers of the EarthTectonic PlatesEarthquakes and VolcanoesGeomagnetism ApplicationsGeophysical MethodsLandform Formation

Geology and Earth Structure Questions

Multiple choice landforms of the earth and internal forces general physical geography general knowledge

Surface waves in earthquake are considered more disastrous. Pick correct statements regarding it.
(1) S-waves are shear waves.
(2) S-waves can travel only through solids.
(3) S-waves are slower than P-waves.
(4) Speed is typically around 60% of that of P-waves.

  1. Only 1

  2. 2 and 3

  3. 1, 2 and 3

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All statements are correct: S-waves are shear waves, travel only through solids, are slower than P-waves, and have a speed roughly 60% of P-waves.

Multiple choice landforms of the earth and internal forces general physical geography general knowledge

Match the following

List I(waves) List II(Characteristic)
(A) Body waves (1) Travel through interior of Earth
(B) Surface waves (2) Decay's more rapidly, more destructive
(C) P waves (3) Compressional waves, longitudinal in nature, travel through all media
(D) S waves (4) Transverse waves displace ground perpendicular to direction of propagation

  1. A-1; B-2; C-3; D-4

  2. A-3; B-2; C-1; D-4

  3. A-4; B-1; C-3; D-2

  4. A-3; B-1; C-2; D-4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Body waves travel through the interior (A-1). Surface waves are more destructive (B-2). P-waves are compressional (C-3). S-waves are transverse (D-4).

Multiple choice landforms of the earth and internal forces general physical geography general knowledge

Which of the following statements is/are correct with respect to the Chilean Earthquake (February 2010)?
(1) Scientists estimated that the Earth's axis of rotation had moved by 3 inches due to the earthquakes.
(2) Santa Maria island off the coast near Concepcion, Chile second largest city, may have been raised by 2m.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Both 1 and 2

  4. Neither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Major earthquakes like the 2010 Chilean earthquake release immense energy that can subtly shift Earth's mass distribution, altering its axis of rotation, and can cause significant coastal uplift, raising islands by meters.

Multiple choice landforms of the earth and internal forces general physical geography general knowledge

With respect to Tsunami, consider the following statement:
1) Japanese word 'tsu' means harbor and 'nami' means 'wave'.
2) Generated due to abrupt deformation of sea floor resulting vertical displacement of overlying water.
3) Tsunami waves have small amplitude but very long wavelength.
4) It may be caused by non-seismic event also.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 2 and 4

  3. Only 3

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All statements are correct: 'tsu' and 'nami' are Japanese, they are caused by seafloor deformation, they have long wavelengths, and can be caused by landslides or volcanic eruptions.

Multiple choice landforms of the earth and internal forces general physical geography general knowledge

Mountain building is a very slow process that take place through multiple ways. Choose which are included:
(1) Plate tectonics
(2) Folding and faulting
(3) Volcanic activity
(4) Igneous intrusion

  1. 1 and 4

  2. 1 and 2

  3. 1, 3 and 4

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Mountain building, or orogeny, is a complex geological process. It involves plate tectonics, folding and faulting of rock layers, volcanic activity, and igneous intrusions, all of which contribute to the formation of mountain ranges.

Multiple choice

Why is this region known as a "subcontinent"?

  1. It is a part of Asia, but sits on its own tectonic plate.

  2. It sits below the continent of Asia.

  3. It used to be part of a larger continent.

  4. It sits at a very low elevation.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The region is called a subcontinent because it is a distinct landmass that collided with the Asian continent, sitting on its own tectonic plate (the Indian Plate).

Multiple choice evs interdependence in our environment meaning of environment significance of biodiversity habitat and adaptation

What does 'plate' form?

  1. Divergent plate boundary

  2. Convergent plate boundary

  3. Hydrosphere

  4. Transform fault boundary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Transform fault boundaries form where tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other. Divergent boundaries form new crust; convergent boundaries destroy crust; hydrosphere is the water component of Earth.

Multiple choice

What is a subcontinent?

  1. area of land separate from continent but still part of it

  2. area of land that is an island

  3. area of land that is a continent

  4. area of land that rises from the ocean
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A subcontinent is a large, distinguishable part of a continent, such as North America or the Indian subcontinent, which is geographically or politically distinct.