Environmental Studies · General Awareness

Environmental Management and Policy

7,105 Questions

Environmental Management and Policy focuses on sustainable development, ecological regulations, and renewable energy resources. Questions address pollution reduction, circular economy concepts, and the environmental impact of human activities. This topic is increasingly important for all major competitive tests.

Sustainable developmentRenewable energy benefitsEnvironmental impact assessmentPollution reduction strategiesCircular economy concepts

Environmental Management and Policy Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an advantage of geothermal energy?

  1. Geothermal energy can be obtained from any area of the land.

  2. Geothermal power plants can be set up in any area.

  3. The generation of geothermal energy is economical and environment friendly.

  4. Cold gases are produced from geothermal plants, which can be used elsewhere.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The generation of geothermal energy is economical and environment friendly.

Multiple choice

Sustainable Development means

  1. minimizing poverty

  2. maximizing current per capita income

  3. sustaining low budget deficits

  4. growth without sacrificing the needs of the future generation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Brundtland Commission (1987) defined sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This definition emphasizes intergenerational equity - ensuring current economic growth doesn't deplete resources or degrade environmental quality for future populations.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is/are the benefit(s) of recycling?

  1. It helps in saving land.

  2. It helps in banning the felling of trees.

  3. It helps cause greenhouse effect.

  4. It helps in faster depletion of natural resources.

  5. It helps in pollution of land, water and air.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Recycling helps in saving land as we do not require large land area for dumping waste.

Multiple choice

As a result of their annual survey, the National Geographic Society and an international polling firm, Globescan, gave India the top rank in Greendex 2009 score. What is this score?

  1. It is a measure of efforts made by different countries in adopting technologies for reducing carbon footprint.

  2. It is a measure of environmentally sustainable consumer behaviour in different countries.

  3. It is an assessment of programmes/schemes undertaken by different countries for improving the conservation of natural resources.

  4. It is an index showing the volume of carbon credits sold by different countries.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In the third annual survery of National Geographic Society and Globescan, India ranked first in Greendex 2009 due to environmentally sustainable consumer behaviour.

Multiple choice

What is the result of the fragmentation of the market among manufacturers and suppliers?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

The solar industry in India is still in its nascent stage and faces many challenges such as high costs of solar power generation. In India, cost of solar electricity produced on-grid is high mainly due to dependence on imports for silicon and solar wafers used for the manufacture of solar cells – about 80% of which comes through imports. Solar projects are capital intensive, and the lack of an effective financing infrastructure for these projects is another major factor impeding growth in this sector. Another challenge faced today is the disparity in solar potential across states.
Currently Research and Development (R&D) in this sector is on a slow track due to lack of collaborative and goal driven efforts on this front. Technological innovations that improve the efficiency of current solar energy systems are necessary to exploit the solar energy potential in India. In order to facilitate this, government has to frame comprehensive R&D schemes and provide incentives along with the current subsidy schemes. Another major factor restricting the growth of this sector is the lack of standards, resulting in the fragmentation of the market among manufacturers and suppliers. Standardisation of systems will lead to rationalisation of cost as companies can invest in R&D and newer technologies to meet common specifications. Facilitating closer industry – government cooperation and increasing consumer awareness about the benefits of solar energy are some of the other main challenges currently faced by the industry.

  1. Lack of standards

  2. Standardisation of systems

  3. Restriction of growth

  4. Common industry standards

  5. .
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer as the fragmentation has caused higher costs and thus, restriction of growth in the sector.

Multiple choice

Which of the following actions does the author suggest for the state to exploit the solar energy potential in India?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

The solar industry in India is still in its nascent stage and faces many challenges such as high costs of solar power generation. In India, cost of solar electricity produced on-grid is high mainly due to dependence on imports for silicon and solar wafers used for the manufacture of solar cells – about 80% of which comes through imports. Solar projects are capital intensive, and the lack of an effective financing infrastructure for these projects is another major factor impeding growth in this sector. Another challenge faced today is the disparity in solar potential across states.
Currently Research and Development (R&D) in this sector is on a slow track due to lack of collaborative and goal driven efforts on this front. Technological innovations that improve the efficiency of current solar energy systems are necessary to exploit the solar energy potential in India. In order to facilitate this, government has to frame comprehensive R&D schemes and provide incentives along with the current subsidy schemes. Another major factor restricting the growth of this sector is the lack of standards, resulting in the fragmentation of the market among manufacturers and suppliers. Standardisation of systems will lead to rationalisation of cost as companies can invest in R&D and newer technologies to meet common specifications. Facilitating closer industry – government cooperation and increasing consumer awareness about the benefits of solar energy are some of the other main challenges currently faced by the industry.

  1. Goal-driven efforts in R&D for technological innovations

  2. To frame comprehensive R&D schemes and provide incentives along with the current subsidy schemes

  3. By increasing consumer awareness about the benefits of solar energy

  4. Cannot be determined from the passage

  5. .
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is correct. The author suggests that the government should frame comprehensive R&D schemes and provide incentives along with the current subsidy schemes.

Multiple choice

Why does the author think that the cost of solar electricity is high in India?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

The solar industry in India is still in its nascent stage and faces many challenges such as high costs of solar power generation. In India, cost of solar electricity produced on-grid is high mainly due to dependence on imports for silicon and solar wafers used for the manufacture of solar cells – about 80% of which comes through imports. Solar projects are capital intensive, and the lack of an effective financing infrastructure for these projects is another major factor impeding growth in this sector. Another challenge faced today is the disparity in solar potential across states.
Currently Research and Development (R&D) in this sector is on a slow track due to lack of collaborative and goal driven efforts on this front. Technological innovations that improve the efficiency of current solar energy systems are necessary to exploit the solar energy potential in India. In order to facilitate this, government has to frame comprehensive R&D schemes and provide incentives along with the current subsidy schemes. Another major factor restricting the growth of this sector is the lack of standards, resulting in the fragmentation of the market among manufacturers and suppliers. Standardisation of systems will lead to rationalisation of cost as companies can invest in R&D and newer technologies to meet common specifications. Facilitating closer industry – government cooperation and increasing consumer awareness about the benefits of solar energy are some of the other main challenges currently faced by the industry.

  1. Because of disparity in solar potential across the country

  2. Because of dependence on imports

  3. Because of technological challenges

  4. Because of lack of financing infrastructure

  5. .
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer. The passage states this. In India, cost of solar electricity produced on-grid is high mainly due to dependence on imports for silicon and solar wafers used for the manufacture of solar cells – about 80% of which comes through imports.

Multiple choice

Directions: Fill I, II, III, IV with P, Q, R and S to make it a meaningful passage.

Renewable energy is a form of energy (i) from sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. There are many advantages of using renewable energy. One main (ii) energy is that it is sustainable so, we will never run out of it. The other advantage of renewable energy is that it (iii) waste products, and thus, has minimal impact on the environment. The facilities required to (iv) are less as compared to traditional generators.

P : produces little or no Q : manage renewable energy R : which usually comes S : advantage of this

  1. PRSQ

  2. RSPQ

  3. QSRP

  4. SPRQ

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Option 2 is correct.

Multiple choice

Which of the following tips or advice are given to people by PCRA?

  1. Tips to save animal and plant life.

  2. Tips to save petrol/diesel while driving.

  3. Tips to protect environment.

  4. Tips to use alternative sources of energy other than fossil fuels.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

PCRA refers to Petroleum Conservation Research Association. It advises to save petrol/diesel and to use it in a judicious way.

Multiple choice

'Eco Mark' is given to the Indian products that are

  1. pure and unadulterated

  2. rich in protein

  3. environment-friendly

  4. economically viable
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Eco Mark is an Indian certification label given to products that are environmentally friendly throughout their lifecycle - from production to disposal. It indicates the product meets specific environmental standards and causes less environmental damage.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a characteristic of renewable resource?

  1. The availability of renewable resources can be increased only by enhancing replenishment.

  2. These resources can be used forever, provided they are used in limited amounts.

  3. These resources are replenished within reasonable time.

  4. Renewable resource are abiotic

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as this is not a characteristic of renewable resources. Renewable resources are biotic in nature. Biotic resources consist of living things. They can continue to reproduce and regenerate their population in favourable environment. Abiotic resources consist of non living things. They do not have the capacity to reproduce and regenerate their population.

Multiple choice

Consider the following measures:

  1. Creation of mass awareness on the need for conservation of petroleum
  2. Promotion of measures to curb wasteful practices
  3. Reducing the number of vehicles and engines using petrol
  4. Improving the oil use efficiency of equipments devices and vehicles
  5. Research and development for improving oil use efficiency The measure adopted by the petroleum Conservations Research Association of India to conserve petroleum, include

  1. 1, 3 and 3

  2. 2, 3, 4 and 5

  3. 1, 3, 4 and 5

  4. 1, 2, 4 and 5

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) focuses on conservation through mass awareness, promoting efficiency in devices and vehicles, and research and development. Reducing the absolute number of vehicles (3) is a regulatory or policy-driven measure rather than a specific PCRA conservation technique.

Multiple choice

Which one of the following is correct?

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

PASSAGE: Wind power has obvious advantages—it is nonpolluting, causes no ecological imbalance, requires no throughput fuel and has extremely low gestation period. After almost a decade of sporadic growth, wind energy finally seems to be stepping out from shadows of alternative technology into the commercial mainstream, worldwide. Even though, India now has an installed base of just over 1,600 MW. This is nothing compared to countries such as Germany, which meets around 20 per cent of its energy requirements from wind energy. Wind power offers long-term price stability too. Not only are generation costs of such projects low, the capital expenditure is comparable to fossil fuel-based stations. Wind power plants have low operating and maintenance costs. Long-term economics work out to be quite favourable for the wind-energy. In fact, it is being seen as a solution to sustainable development. By the end of 2001, the installed wind-power was almost 25,000 MW.

  1. Installation of wind-power plants is resisted by environmentalists.

  2. Generation cost of wind-power plants is high.

  3. Installation cost of wind-power plants is much higher than that of fossil fuel-based plants.

  4. Wind-power is now being commercially harnessed.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The passage explicitly states that wind energy is stepping out of the shadows of alternative technology into the commercial mainstream, confirming that it is being commercially harnessed.

Multiple choice

Which one of the following is correct?

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

PASSAGE: Wind power has obvious advantages—it is nonpolluting, causes no ecological imbalance, requires no throughput fuel and has extremely low gestation period. After almost a decade of sporadic growth, wind energy finally seems to be stepping out from shadows of alternative technology into the commercial mainstream, worldwide. Even though, India now has an installed base of just over 1,600 MW. This is nothing compared to countries such as Germany, which meets around 20 per cent of its energy requirements from wind energy. Wind power offers long-term price stability too. Not only are generation costs of such projects low, the capital expenditure is comparable to fossil fuel-based stations. Wind power plants have low operating and maintenance costs. Long-term economics work out to be quite favourable for the wind-energy. In fact, it is being seen as a solution to sustainable development. By the end of 2001, the installed wind-power was almost 25,000 MW.

  1. Wind-power plants take a long time to get commissioned.

  2. Maintenance cost of wind-power plants is high.

  3. Wind-power plants lead to violent vibrations.

  4. Wind-power plants require no fuel.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The passage explicitly states that wind power requires no throughput fuel, which directly supports option D.