Environmental and Chemical Processes

Degumming is the process of removing gums and other impurities from oils. This is typically done by adding water or an acid to the oil, which causes the gums to precipitate out. The gums are then removed by filtration or centrifugation.

Deodorization is the process of removing volatile compounds from oils and fats. This is typically done by heating the oil or fat under vacuum, which causes the volatile compounds to evaporate. Deodorization is used to improve the flavor and odor of oils and fats.

Bioremediation is the process of using microorganisms to break down organic matter and pollutants in soil and water.

Upwelling is the process by which nutrient-rich water from the deep ocean is brought to the surface. This process is driven by winds and ocean currents, and it is essential for the productivity of coastal and marine ecosystems.

Trophic transfer is the process by which nutrients are transferred from one organism to another through a food chain. This occurs when an organism consumes another organism and absorbs the nutrients that were stored in the consumed organism's body.

Decomposition is the process by which nutrients are released from dead organisms into the environment. This process is carried out by decomposers, which are organisms that break down organic matter into simpler compounds.

Oligotrophication is the process by which nutrients are lost from coastal and marine ecosystems. This can occur through a variety of processes, including nutrient uptake by plants and animals, denitrification, and nitrogen fixation.

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nutrients are converted from inorganic forms to organic forms. This process is carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.

Carbon Sequestration refers to the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to mitigate its impact on climate change.

Food waste reduction, food recovery, and food redistribution are all terms used to describe the practice of reducing the amount of food that is wasted throughout the supply chain, from production to consumption.

Fermentation is a process in which microorganisms convert organic compounds into simpler substances, often producing energy or nutrients. It is widely used in food production, such as in the making of bread, yogurt, and beer.

Composting is the process of breaking down organic waste, such as food scraps and yard waste, into a nutrient-rich soil amendment. It is a sustainable way to recycle organic materials and improve soil health.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) involves capturing carbon dioxide from industrial sources or the atmosphere and storing it underground or in geological formations.

Desorption is the process by which molecules or atoms leave a surface.

Anaerobic digestion is a process in which organic waste is broken down by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the production of biogas, which can be used as a renewable energy source.