English Reading Comprehension

Find the appropriate word from the given options and fill blank (v).

Directions: The following passage has some blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. 

The traditional method of managing credit risk is ____(i)____ diversification. Although ____(ii)____ credit risk through diversification is effective, institutions are often constrained by _____(iii)____ of diversification ____(iv)_____ on account of limited area of _____(v)_____. During the last few years, managing credit risk through selling assets by way of securitisation has _____(vi)_____ in popularity. The market for securitised assets has grown _____(vii)_____ in the last few years and is expected to grow further in the _____(viii)_____ years. This mode of credit risk mitigation is most _____(ix)_____ to loans with standardised payment schedules and similar credit risk characteristics such as housing loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, etc. Further, shedding loans through securitisation might _____(x)____ client relationship. In this context, credit derivatives provide a new technique for managing credit risk.

Find the appropriate word from the given options and fill blank (v).

Directions: The following passage has some blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. 

The traditional method of managing credit risk is ____(i)____ diversification. Although ____(ii)____ credit risk through diversification is effective, institutions are often constrained by _____(iii)____ of diversification ____(iv)_____ on account of limited area of _____(v)_____. During the last few years, managing credit risk through selling assets by way of securitisation has _____(vi)_____ in popularity. The market for securitised assets has grown _____(vii)_____ in the last few years and is expected to grow further in the _____(viii)_____ years. This mode of credit risk mitigation is most _____(ix)_____ to loans with standardised payment schedules and similar credit risk characteristics such as housing loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, etc. Further, shedding loans through securitisation might _____(x)____ client relationship. In this context, credit derivatives provide a new technique for managing credit risk.

Find the appropriate word from the given options and fill blank (iv).

Directions: The following passage has some blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. 

The traditional method of managing credit risk is ____(i)____ diversification. Although ____(ii)____ credit risk through diversification is effective, institutions are often constrained by _____(iii)____ of diversification ____(iv)_____ on account of limited area of _____(v)_____. During the last few years, managing credit risk through selling assets by way of securitisation has _____(vi)_____ in popularity. The market for securitised assets has grown _____(vii)_____ in the last few years and is expected to grow further in the _____(viii)_____ years. This mode of credit risk mitigation is most _____(ix)_____ to loans with standardised payment schedules and similar credit risk characteristics such as housing loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, etc. Further, shedding loans through securitisation might _____(x)____ client relationship. In this context, credit derivatives provide a new technique for managing credit risk.

Find the appropriate word from the given options and fill blank (i).

Directions: The following passage has some blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. 

The traditional method of managing credit risk is ____(i)____ diversification. Although ____(ii)____ credit risk through diversification is effective, institutions are often constrained by _____(iii)____ of diversification ____(iv)_____ on account of limited area of _____(v)_____. During the last few years, managing credit risk through selling assets by way of securitisation has _____(vi)_____ in popularity. The market for securitised assets has grown _____(vii)_____ in the last few years and is expected to grow further in the _____(viii)_____ years. This mode of credit risk mitigation is most _____(ix)_____ to loans with standardised payment schedules and similar credit risk characteristics such as housing loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, etc. Further, shedding loans through securitisation might _____(x)____ client relationship. In this context, credit derivatives provide a new technique for managing credit risk.

Find the appropriate word from the given options and fill blank (i).

Directions: The following passage has some blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. 

The traditional method of managing credit risk is ____(i)____ diversification. Although ____(ii)____ credit risk through diversification is effective, institutions are often constrained by _____(iii)____ of diversification ____(iv)_____ on account of limited area of _____(v)_____. During the last few years, managing credit risk through selling assets by way of securitisation has _____(vi)_____ in popularity. The market for securitised assets has grown _____(vii)_____ in the last few years and is expected to grow further in the _____(viii)_____ years. This mode of credit risk mitigation is most _____(ix)_____ to loans with standardised payment schedules and similar credit risk characteristics such as housing loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, etc. Further, shedding loans through securitisation might _____(x)____ client relationship. In this context, credit derivatives provide a new technique for managing credit risk.

Find the appropriate word from the given options and fill blank (x).

Directions: The following passage has some blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. 

The traditional method of managing credit risk is ____(i)____ diversification. Although ____(ii)____ credit risk through diversification is effective, institutions are often constrained by _____(iii)____ of diversification ____(iv)_____ on account of limited area of _____(v)_____. During the last few years, managing credit risk through selling assets by way of securitisation has _____(vi)_____ in popularity. The market for securitised assets has grown _____(vii)_____ in the last few years and is expected to grow further in the _____(viii)_____ years. This mode of credit risk mitigation is most _____(ix)_____ to loans with standardised payment schedules and similar credit risk characteristics such as housing loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, etc. Further, shedding loans through securitisation might _____(x)____ client relationship. In this context, credit derivatives provide a new technique for managing credit risk.

Find the appropriate word from the given options and fill blank (x).

Directions: The following passage has some blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. 

The traditional method of managing credit risk is ____(i)____ diversification. Although ____(ii)____ credit risk through diversification is effective, institutions are often constrained by _____(iii)____ of diversification ____(iv)_____ on account of limited area of _____(v)_____. During the last few years, managing credit risk through selling assets by way of securitisation has _____(vi)_____ in popularity. The market for securitised assets has grown _____(vii)_____ in the last few years and is expected to grow further in the _____(viii)_____ years. This mode of credit risk mitigation is most _____(ix)_____ to loans with standardised payment schedules and similar credit risk characteristics such as housing loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, etc. Further, shedding loans through securitisation might _____(x)____ client relationship. In this context, credit derivatives provide a new technique for managing credit risk.

Find the appropriate word from the given options and fill blank (ii).

Directions: The following passage has some blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. 

The traditional method of managing credit risk is ____(i)____ diversification. Although ____(ii)____ credit risk through diversification is effective, institutions are often constrained by _____(iii)____ of diversification ____(iv)_____ on account of limited area of _____(v)_____. During the last few years, managing credit risk through selling assets by way of securitisation has _____(vi)_____ in popularity. The market for securitised assets has grown _____(vii)_____ in the last few years and is expected to grow further in the _____(viii)_____ years. This mode of credit risk mitigation is most _____(ix)_____ to loans with standardised payment schedules and similar credit risk characteristics such as housing loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, etc. Further, shedding loans through securitisation might _____(x)____ client relationship. In this context, credit derivatives provide a new technique for managing credit risk.

Find the appropriate word from the given options and fill blank (ii).

Directions: The following passage has some blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. 

The traditional method of managing credit risk is ____(i)____ diversification. Although ____(ii)____ credit risk through diversification is effective, institutions are often constrained by _____(iii)____ of diversification ____(iv)_____ on account of limited area of _____(v)_____. During the last few years, managing credit risk through selling assets by way of securitisation has _____(vi)_____ in popularity. The market for securitised assets has grown _____(vii)_____ in the last few years and is expected to grow further in the _____(viii)_____ years. This mode of credit risk mitigation is most _____(ix)_____ to loans with standardised payment schedules and similar credit risk characteristics such as housing loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, etc. Further, shedding loans through securitisation might _____(x)____ client relationship. In this context, credit derivatives provide a new technique for managing credit risk.

Find the appropriate word from the given options and fill blank (viii).

Directions: The following passage has some blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. 

The traditional method of managing credit risk is ____(i)____ diversification. Although ____(ii)____ credit risk through diversification is effective, institutions are often constrained by _____(iii)____ of diversification ____(iv)_____ on account of limited area of _____(v)_____. During the last few years, managing credit risk through selling assets by way of securitisation has _____(vi)_____ in popularity. The market for securitised assets has grown _____(vii)_____ in the last few years and is expected to grow further in the _____(viii)_____ years. This mode of credit risk mitigation is most _____(ix)_____ to loans with standardised payment schedules and similar credit risk characteristics such as housing loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, etc. Further, shedding loans through securitisation might _____(x)____ client relationship. In this context, credit derivatives provide a new technique for managing credit risk.

Find the appropriate word from the given options and fill blank (vi).

Directions: The following passage has some blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. 

The traditional method of managing credit risk is ____(i)____ diversification. Although ____(ii)____ credit risk through diversification is effective, institutions are often constrained by _____(iii)____ of diversification ____(iv)_____ on account of limited area of _____(v)_____. During the last few years, managing credit risk through selling assets by way of securitisation has _____(vi)_____ in popularity. The market for securitised assets has grown _____(vii)_____ in the last few years and is expected to grow further in the _____(viii)_____ years. This mode of credit risk mitigation is most _____(ix)_____ to loans with standardised payment schedules and similar credit risk characteristics such as housing loans, auto loans, credit card receivables, etc. Further, shedding loans through securitisation might _____(x)____ client relationship. In this context, credit derivatives provide a new technique for managing credit risk.

Directions: Select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.

From the moment Kael began as a film critic at The New Yorker, at the start of 1968, she presided over the movies in the manner of Béla Károlyi watching a gymnast on the balance beam-shouting directives, ________ every flub, and cheering uncontrollably when a filmmaker stuck his landing.

Directions: Select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.

This is a more than usually germane point since the Tolstoy estate stretches away in all directions around us: heavily wooded and undulating with scattered, scruffy villages and sudden long-grassed fields that put me in mind of those scenes in Anna Karenina when Levin goes out scything crops with his serfs and resolves to eschew all human falsity in favour of a sweat-drenched ________ redemption.

In the context in which it appears, “touchstone” in sentence 4 most nearly means

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

Life, they say, is the constant oscillation between the two horns of a dilemma. Going by the history of the Gold Standard, the quotation seems to be worth its weight in gold! Gold Standard allows the governments to sell gold bullion in exchange for circulating currency. Starting somewhere in 610 BC, gold has been the most trusted currency for trade and for determining the value of goods. Since the fascination with gold is rooted in the farthest reaches of recorded human history, it comes hardly as a surprise that alchemists tried for hundreds of years to find a touchstone that could convert base metals into gold. In the Middle Ages, gold coins issued by the Byzantine Empire were found throughout Europe and the Mediterranean.  The decline of the Byzantine Empire saw a decline in the use of gold as currency and silver became the de-facto medium for trade. However, Sir Isaac Newton, while the master of the Royal Mint, effected a new standard that put gold firmly in the driving seat, once again, as the choice medium for trade.
The Gold Standard, in effect, was the practice of backing circulating currency with full convertibility to gold. Since trade with China involved primarily imports, the cost had to be paid in precious metals, mainly silver. This led to an unprecedented shortfall in the availability of silver as a currency in Europe during the late eighteenth century. This prompted the central banks of European nations to substitute the coins with paper notes (also called bank notes). Since these notes were nothing but a substitute for the silver currency, they continued to be backed by their worth in gold. The first big body blow for the Gold Standard, which proved to be decisive in the long run, was the First World War. Faced with increasingly draining war effort, governments temporarily suspended the convertibility of the bank notes. Germany, after losing the war, could not move back to the gold standard as it had lost all its gold reserves towards war reparations. The process of printing deutschemarks, without backing of gold reserves, lead to hyperinflation in Germany, and drove the first nail in the coffin of Gold Reserve.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

Which of the following are true as per the passage?

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

In the eighteenth century, the relationship between a writer and his publisher could hardly be called a monochromatic one. The two were dependent upon each other for not only for their livelihood, but also for survival, almost in the most literal manner. Charles Baudelaire, whose poem- Les Fleur du Mal (Flowers of Evil) was banned in France because of its references to drugs, sex, and satan, is just one of the examples of how the lives of two were interconnected to an almost masochistic level. He and his publisher were both successfully prosecuted for printing a poem that allegedly offended public sentiments. Queen Mab, a controversial poem by Percy Shelley, which promoted the idea of a utopian world, un-marred by violent and bloody revolutions like the French Revolution, was deemed illegal in England. Though un-printed, the poem became the cause of the imprisonment of both Percy and William Clark, in whose bookstore a few of the copies of the poem were stored. Although the poem was meant for private circulation only, just the fact that the poem was stolen, pirated, and sold in the market by an unscrupulous shopkeeper, was enough to put both the men behind bars.
Today, the poet and the publisher are a part of a bigger system, small cogs in a big machine. Though persecution of a poet or a writer for ‘felt’ blasphemy is not unheard of- a fatwa issued by Ayatollah Khomeini against Salman Rushdie for sacrilege is a prime example- the very fact that they are both a part of a system that runs on money gives them certain immunity at the cost of taking away some of the liberty they enjoyed. As long as they need the money, they would stay close at heels, seemingly nipping at them, but not quite.