Ecosystem Nutrition and Energy Flow

Primary consumers eat plants. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers (herbivores).

Pyramid of numbers is the graphic representation of number of individuals per unit area of various trophic levels stepwise, with producers forming the base and top carnivores the tip.

Pyramid of biomass, is the graphic representation of producers at the base and top carnivores at the tip.

The series of populations or organisms, of an ecosystem, through which food and energy contained in it passes with each member becoming the food of the later, is called a food chain.

The pyramid of energy, represents the total amount of energy consumed by each trophic level. An energy pyramid is always upright, as the total amount of energy available for utilization in the layers above, is less than the energy available in the lower levels. This happens because during energy transfer from lower to higher levels, some energy is always lost.

In nature, food chain relationships are not isolated. They are very complex, as one organism may form the food source of many organisms. Thus, instead of a simple linear food chain, there is a web like structure formed by these interlinked food chains. Such interconnected matrix of food chains, is called 'food web'

Energy and nutrients, pass through various alimentary levels. Each one of those levels, is called trophic levels in Ecology. The sum of all the trophic levels of an ecosystem, is called food chain. The alimentary relationships in an ecosystem, are called food web.

 Trichonympha is a genus of parabasalid protists that live in the intestines of many, if not most, termite species. They are symbiotes, in that they break down the cellulose in the wood and plant fibers their hosts eat.

Plants are producers because they create their own food through photosynthesis using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

Fungi and bacteria break down dead organic matter into simpler substances, which is the definition of decomposers.

Parasites are organisms that live on or inside another living organism (the host) and derive nutrients at the host's expense.

Those organisms that synthesize food with the help of the light energy of the sun, carbon dioxide and water are called photoautotrophs. The process of synthesis of food in this manner, is called photosynthesis.

Coprophagia is the consumption of feces. Many animal species practice coprophagia .Coprophagy refers to many kind of feces eating including eating feces, of other species, other individuals, or its own, those once deposited or taken directly, from the anus.

This is the correct option. Temperature is not a biotic factor responsible for grain loss during storage. It is an abiotic factor.

Autotrophs are organisms that can make their own food, from an inorganic source of carbon . Most autotrophs use sunlight in the process of photosynthesis, to make their own food. Photosynthesis is the name of the process which autotrophs use, to convert water, carbon dioxide, and solar energy, into sugars and oxygen. Examples of autotrophs are, plants and algae