Ecosystem Nutrition and Energy Flow

Omnivores are animals that consume both plant and animal matter. Herbivores eat only plants, carnivores eat only animals, making C the clear correct answer.

Carnivores are animals that primarily consume other animals for food. Herbivores eat plants only, omnivores eat both, making B the correct answer.

It is coprophagy e.g., rabbits consume their own faeces.

In most stable terrestrial ecosystems, the biomass decreases at each higher trophic level because energy is lost as heat and through metabolic processes. This results in an upright pyramid of biomass where producers have the highest total mass.

A carnivore is an organism that mostly eats meat or the flesh of animals. This distinguishes them from herbivores, which eat plants, and omnivores, which eat both. Examples include lions, tigers, and wolves.

Parrots eat only plant products.

Bear eats both animal and plant products, so it is an omnivorous animal.

Moulds are fungi that obtain their nutrients by absorbing organic compounds from dead and decaying matter. This specific mode of nutrition is called saprophytic. While moulds are aerobic organisms, that term refers to their respiration rather than their food source.

Fungi and bacteria are the primary decomposers in terrestrial ecosystems. They break down complex organic matter from dead plants and animals into simpler inorganic nutrients. This process is essential for nutrient cycling and maintaining soil fertility.

An omnivore is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter.

Producers (autotrophs) are the organisms that capture solar energy and inorganic nutrients from the environment to create organic matter, which then enters the food chain.

Mushrooms are fungi that obtain nutrients by breaking down organic matter, which is the definition of saprophytic nutrition. Parasitic organisms feed on living hosts, holozoic involves ingestion of complex food, and symbiotic involves a mutually beneficial relationship.

BOD stands for Biological Oxygen Demand. It measures the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material in water.

This is the correct option as this statement is false. Animals are heterotrophic in nutrition as they eat ready-made food.

This is the correct option. As Amoeba is a single celled organism, the steps in the process of nutrition are performed by the single cell.