Economic Principles

When inputs are increased by a certain percentage and output increases by a greater percentage, the firm is experiencing increasing returns to scale. In this case, a 10% increase in inputs leads to a more than 10% increase in output.

A short-run production function is defined by the existence of at least one fixed factor of production, which limits the firm's ability to adjust all inputs simultaneously.

The strategy adopted by the developing countries to strengthen the domestic industries by an providing lot of protection to domestic industry in the form of heavy tarrifs/ restrictions on imports is called the inward oriented strategy. Thus the main feature of the inward oriented strategy is to lay stress on domestic production.

Workers engaged in non-farm activities in rural areas on an average are 24%. Estimates suggest that 92% of Indian labourers are engaged in the unorganised sector while the organised segment constitutes the remaining 8%. Further, it can be noted that 95% of female workers and 89% of male workers are engaged in the unorganised segment in India. 

Rural non-farm activities include value chain activities, such as agro-processing, transport, distribution, marketing, and retail, as well as tourism, manufacturing, construction and mining, plus self-employment activities.

Thus, the correct option is D.

C.  Large and medium farmers
The part of farm produce which is sold in the market is called marketable surplus. Small farmers have little surplus output. It is the medium and large farmers only who have substantial surplus produce for selling in the market.

Non-farming activities are the activities which are not related to farming or agricultural activities. Non-farming employment is defined as any form of employment other than farm employment such as manufacturing, shop-keeping etc.

Indirect proportion: When one quantity increases another quantity decreases.
In option C, if the speed of the vehicle increases then the time taken by it to cover a distance, decreases.

Conversion of an object into a product so that it can be traded in the market is called commercialization. It is the process of introducing a new product or production method into commerce. 

Villages form backbone of the country. But the condition of villages in present India is not very great. They are not exposed to technology and depend mostly on agriculture working in fields.

Working capital requirements are influenced by a wide variety of factors, including the nature of the industry, sales volume, credit policies, and inventory management practices.

Every business undertaking is engaged in the production and/ or distribution of goods or services in exchange of money. The essential characteristic of business undertaking involves the production or distribution of goods and services in order to satisfy human wants and needs in exchange of money or profit.

Unlike Fixed capital, Working capital which includes raw materials and money in hand is used up in production.

Availability of food means sufficient quantities of food with appropriate quality, supplied through domestic production or imports, including food aid. Availability of food grain is given by domestic production net of feed, seed and wastage plus net imports plus draw-down of stocks.

MNCs also lead to the growth of monopolies. A multinational corporation (MNC) has facilities and other assets in at least one country other than its home country. Very large multinationals have budgets that exceed those of many small countries.