Disease Vectors and Pathogens

This option is correct because all the diseases are caused by protozoa. Balantidiasis is a protozoan infection caused by Balantidium coli. Malaria parasites belong to the genus Plasmodium (protozoan). Kala-azar (leishmaniasis) is caused by Leishmania donovani (protozoan). Giardiasis is caused by microscopic protozoan parasites known as Giardia intestinalis.

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum (a protozoan) transmitted by mosquitoes. African sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma gambiense, also a protozoan transmitted by the tse-tse fly.

Typhoid is correctly matched with Salmonella, its bacterial causative agent. Dysentery is caused by Entamoeba (not Plasmodium), malaria is caused by Plasmodium (not Entamoeba), and tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (not Trypanosoma, which causes sleeping sickness). Option C is the only correct match.

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium, which is a protozoan (single-celled eukaryotic organism). It is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito. Rabies and AIDS are caused by viruses (rabies virus and HIV respectively), while Anaemia is not a disease but a condition characterized by low hemoglobin.

Aedes mosquito (specifically Aedes aegypti) is the primary vector that transmits the dengue virus. Female Aedes mosquitoes become infected when they bite an infected person and can then transmit the virus to other people. Anopheles transmits malaria, ticks transmit Lyme disease, and dogs transmit rabies virus.

Malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, which requires a vector to complete its life cycle and transmit between humans. The female Anopheles mosquito serves as this carrier (vector) - when it bites an infected person, it takes up Plasmodium gametocytes, which develop in its gut and are later injected into a new host during another blood meal. Entamoeba causes dysentery, houseflies spread mechanical contamination, and dogs carry rabies virus.

Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae). These parasites infect red blood cells and cause the characteristic fever cycles, anemia, and complications of malaria. Anopheles is the mosquito genus that transmits Plasmodium but does not cause malaria itself. Entamoeba causes dysentery, and Rhizopus is a fungus that causes mucormycosis.

Wuchereria bancrofti is the parasitic nematode worm that causes elephantiasis (lymphatic filariasis) in humans. It is transmitted by mosquito vectors and causes lymph vessel blockage leading to massive swelling. Ascaris causes ascariasis, Spongilla is a freshwater sponge, and Liver fluke causes liver disease.

 Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the single-celled protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

This option is wrong because all are correctly matched. Kala azar is caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of the sand fly. African Trypanosomiasis (also known as sleeping sickness) is caused by Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by the tse-tse fly. Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by the human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis). Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by parasites of the Plasmodium spp.

Pneumonia spreads through air. It is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. 

Malaria is caused by a protozoan.

Dengue virus cause dengue fever. It is transmitted from affected person to healthy person by Aedes mosquito. 

Use of insecticides and avoiding collection of water in surroundings will prevent breeding of mosquitoes. As malaria is spread by mosquitoes, these measures will prevent this disease.