Disease Vectors and Pathogens

The malarial parasite enters the gut of mosquito in the form of gametocyte. These will mate only when they enter the gut of another mosquito that bites the infected person.

The embryonic form of malarial parasite is known as ookinetes. These embed themselves in the mosquito’s gut, where they mature after 9 to 14 days into oocysts.

P. malariae has the longest erythrocytic cycle. It is of 72 hours.

The first resistant malarial parasite was resistant to chloroquine. It was reported in Thailand in 1957.

Hypnozoite is the dormant state of malarial parasite, latent hypnozoites may rest undetected in the liver for up to 30 years.

Liver is the first organ invaded by a malarial parasite. Malarial parasites enter human body as sporozoites and are carried to the liver where they mature into forms known as schizonts. Over the next one to two weeks, each schizont multiplies into thousands of other forms known as merozoites. The merozoites break out of the liver and re-enter the bloodstream.

P. falciparum causes severe malaria and affects brain, liver and kidney.

Black water fever (BWF) is a severe clinical syndrome, characterised by intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria (with passage of black urine), and acute renal failure caused by a variety of factors in patients with P. falciparum infestation.

Yes, it causes kala azar or black fever.

Yes, it is a protozoan that causes sleeping sickness.

These protozoans are present as endoparasites in different groups of animals. They does not posses any locomotory organs. Their body has a tough covering called cuticle and a single nucleus.

The micro and mega gametocytes are formed in human beings and pass on to the mosquito. 

The microfilarae larva of this helminth causes filaria.

It is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti . It is commonly known as elephantiasis due to swelling of legs, scrotum, etc.

Kyasanur Forest Disease - It is a haemorrhagic fever caused by flavi virus and transmitted by tick.