Disease Causative Agents

Swelling under the udder in cattle is mastitis, an inflammatory condition primarily caused by bacterial infections (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli). While viruses can cause infections, udder swelling is most commonly bacterial in origin.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral illness that has caused multiple outbreaks in China, particularly affecting young children. It spreads easily in childcare settings and can be fatal in severe cases.

Smallpox is the only human disease successfully eradicated globally through vaccination. The World Health Organization declared it eradicated in 1980 after an intensive worldwide immunization campaign. Polio is nearly eradicated but still exists in a few countries, while plague is an endemic bacterial disease and goitre results from iodine deficiency rather than infection.

Smallpox is an infectious disease caused by the variola virus, not by bacteria, protozoa, or fungi. It was one of the most devastating diseases in human history before being eradicated through vaccination in 1980. Viruses are distinct from other pathogens.

Ans-1 Typhoid and Tuberculosis(TB) are bacterial diseases while Malaria is caused by a protozoan.

Correct. Rickettsias, Chlamydias (obligate intracellular pathogens) and Treponema pallidum do not grow on artificial media and Mycobacterium leprae is grown in armadillos because of its low temperature.

Ranikhet disease (Newcastle disease) is a viral disease that primarily affects poultry/chickens. It causes respiratory distress and neurological symptoms and is highly contagious among birds.

Cholera, typhoid, polio, meningitis, hepatitis and dysentery are waterborne diseases.

Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is an allergic reaction to airborne allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. It causes symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes. The other options are not primarily caused by allergic reactions.

Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects the salivary glands, especially the parotid glands which are the largest salivary glands located near the ears. This causes the characteristic swelling of the cheeks and jaw.

Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria that typically enter through wounds or cuts. Tuberculosis spreads through air, Malaria through mosquitoes, and Jaundice is a symptom of liver issues not caused by wound entry.

Cotton dust causes byssinosis (brown lung disease). It commonly occurs in workers employed in yarn industries.

Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi that primarily targets the digestive system. It causes inflammation and potential ulceration in the small intestine, which is the primary site of infection and damage.

Pneumonia, tuberculosis, and pleurisy are all conditions that directly affect the lungs or the pleural cavity. Anemia is a blood condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, affecting oxygen transport but not lung function itself.

Boa's point refers to a localized area of tenderness or hyperesthesia to the left of the 12th thoracic vertebra. It is a clinical sign traditionally associated with the presence of a gastric ulcer.