Disease Causative Agents

In little girls, vulvovaginitis is acquired through fomites. Bedclothes, towel and common bath tubs may spread the infection.

Campylobacter jejuni is recognised as one of the main causes of bacterial food-borne disease in many developed countries. This pathogen can be the underlying cause of secondary Guillain-Barré syndrome and periodontitis.

Leptospira causes leptospirosis. It may not be always water-borne. It causes a non-intestinal disease where bacteremia and kidney damage takes place.

Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, a comma-shaped Gram-negative bacterium. It produces cholera toxin that causes severe watery diarrhea and dehydration. Salmonella causes different types of food poisoning, and 'bacterioceoccurs' appears to be a garbled term.

Enteric fever is the clinical term for typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi. It affects the intestines (enteric = relating to the intestine). Measles and mumps are viral diseases, while cholera causes different gastrointestinal symptoms.

Pyorrhea (periodontitis) is indeed a gum disease characterized by inflammation and infection of the tissues surrounding the teeth. It affects the periodontium including gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The disease is caused by bacterial infection and can lead to tooth loss if untreated.

Ringworm (dermatophytosis) is indeed caused by fungi, specifically dermatophytes that grow on skin, hair, and nails. Despite its name, it is not caused by a worm. The infection creates a ring-shaped rash and is highly contagious, spreading through direct contact or contaminated surfaces.

Cholera is primarily transmitted through contaminated water and causes severe diarrhea. The bacterium Vibrio cholerae spreads through water sources with poor sanitation. Malaria is mosquito-borne, the common cold spreads through airborne droplets/contact, and mumps is an airborne viral infection.

Congenital diseases are those present from birth, which may be inherited or caused by factors during pregnancy. Contagious diseases spread from person to person, vector-borne diseases are transmitted by vectors like mosquitoes, and viral diseases are caused by viruses.

Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. These microscopic pathogens invade the body and multiply, causing disease. Unicellular and multicellular organisms are too broad categories, and 'micro organisms' is the specific term for disease-causing microbes.

A vector is an organism (like a mosquito) that transmits a disease from an infected person to a healthy person. Viral refers to viruses, scalar is a physics term unrelated to biology, and congenital means present from birth.

Doctors describe MERS-CoV as a flu-like illness with signs and symptoms of pneumonia. Sufferers of MERS generally develop severe acute respiratory illness with symptoms like cough, fever, difficulty in breathing, chest pain, body ache, sore throat, malaise, headache, diarrhoea, runny nose, pneumonia and kidney failure.

This is untrue. Rhinovirus does not spread through mosquitoes.

Type 1 poliovirus was the common cause of epidemics. It is the most pervasive strain of poliovirus and highly infectious in nature.