Computer Networks

In NPS architecture, the SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessing) host controls data distribution. Broadcasting means the SMP host sends copies of the entire table to all SPUs (Snippet Processing Units) so each SPU has the complete dataset for operations like joins or aggregations.

TLB stands for Translation Lookaside Buffer. It is a memory cache that stores recent translations of virtual memory to physical addresses to speed up virtual address translation.

Creating a TCP socket requires complete addressing information: local IP address (to bind to), local port number (to identify the local endpoint), and remote system's IP address (to connect to). All three pieces are essential for establishing a TCP connection between systems.

The Domain Name System (DNS) uses port 53 for its services, primarily handling queries over UDP port 53, and occasionally TCP port 53 for zone transfers or large responses. Ports 50, 51, and 52 are reserved for other protocols.

DNS (Domain Name System) uses port 53 for both UDP and TCP protocols. UDP is used for standard DNS queries and responses, while TCP is used for larger responses or zone transfers. Ports 50, 51, and 52 are used for other protocols (IPSec AH, ESP, etc.) and are not DNS ports.

SAN architectures are categorized into three main types: Core-Edge (centralized switches with edge devices), Full-Mesh (every device connected to every other), and Partial-Mesh (selective connections for cost optimization). All three are valid SAN architecture patterns.

The /etc/resolv.conf file stores DNS nameserver IP addresses (e.g., 'nameserver 8.8.8.8'), not hostnames. This is the correct answer for what resides in resolv.conf.

AIX implements VLAN support based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard, which is the industry-standard protocol for VLAN tagging on Ethernet networks. Layer 2 VLAN and port-based VLAN are general concepts but not specific AIX implementations. Policy-based VLAN is a different approach. The IEEE 802.1Q standard allows AIX to interoperate with other 802.1Q-compliant network devices.

The Address Resolution Protocol (arp) command displays and modifies the translation tables used to map Internet IP addresses to physical Ethernet MAC addresses.

The lanscan command (HP-UX) displays the status of network interface cards, showing whether each NIC is up or down. nslookup queries DNS, ping tests connectivity, and arp shows MAC-to-IP mappings.

The nsquery command on HP-UX is used to query the name service switch configuration to resolve hostnames and verify that DNS/BIND resolution is working properly.

The netstat command with the -r option is used to display the kernel routing tables on UNIX and Linux systems, showing how network packets are routed.

Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) is a core component of IPv6 that replaces ARP in IPv4 networks. It handles address resolution, neighbor unreachability detection, and duplicate address detection. DHCP is for configuration, ARP is IPv4-specific, and OSPF is a routing protocol.