Computer Networks

Sun Microsystems coined the famous tagline 'The Network is the Computer', reflecting their vision of network-centric computing and distributed systems. IBM, CISCO, and Cognizant are technology companies but use different taglines. This question tests knowledge of tech industry slogans.

A client is a computer or program that requests data or services from a server, which is the computer providing the resources. A web server responds to requests, a host is any device on a network, and a router directs traffic between networks.

Réseau is the French word for network, referring to interconnected systems or social connections. Network is the correct English translation. Laptop and Office are unrelated French technology terms.

Ascenseur is the French word for lift or elevator, used to transport people vertically between floors. Lift is the correct English equivalent, commonly used in British English. Network and Door are unrelated French vocabulary terms.

Portatif in French means portable or mobile, commonly referring to a laptop computer (ordinateur portatif). Laptop is the best answer as it represents a portable computing device. Computer is too general, and Network is unrelated.

In computing, a port is a physical or virtual connection point that serves as an interface between a computer and external devices or other computers. Ports allow data transfer between systems - examples include USB ports for connecting peripherals, network ports for internet connectivity, and serial/parallel ports for various devices.

A file server is a network server dedicated to storing and managing files so that multiple users on a LAN can access shared programs and data. Communication servers handle network connections, print servers manage printers, and file servers specifically handle file sharing - which is exactly what the question describes.

In bus topology, all devices share a single backbone cable. If that main cable breaks anywhere, the entire network fails because the backbone is the communication path for all nodes. In star topology, only the disconnected node fails. Ring and double ring can often recover from breaks using dual rings or token reconfiguration.

Star topology is preferred for large networks because it offers better scalability and easier troubleshooting. All devices connect to a central hub or switch, making it simple to add or remove nodes without disrupting the entire network. Bus and ring topologies become impractical at scale due to single points of failure and collision management issues.

In a star topology, all devices connect to a central hub or switch that acts as the central connection point. This central device manages communication between all connected nodes. STP servers and routers serve different purposes in networking, while PDC relates to domain controllers.

Ethernet uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) as its media access control method. This protocol helps manage how devices share the communication medium and handle collisions when multiple devices transmit simultaneously. ARCnet uses token passing, while ARPAnet and Sancharnet use different access methods.

A server is a computer that shares resources (files, printers, applications, services) with other computers on the network. Clients are computers that request and use these resources. Mainframes are large centralized computers, while web servers specifically serve web content, making Server the most accurate general answer.

Network cables operate at the Physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model, which deals with the actual physical connection and transmission of raw bits over the medium. The Physical layer defines specifications for cables, connectors, and signaling. Higher layers deal with logical rather than physical aspects.

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is an example of circuit-switched networking, where a dedicated communication path is established for the duration of the connection. Circuit switching reserves bandwidth throughout the session, unlike packet switching which breaks data into packets and shares network resources dynamically.