Computer Networks

Fibre Channel defines 3 classes of service. Class 1 is a connection-oriented service, Class 2 is a connectionless service with acknowledgment, and Class 3 is connectionless without acknowledgment. Options A, B, and C are incorrect.

In SAN zoning, a Hybrid Zone is a configuration that combines different identification methods, such as physical port IDs and World Wide Names (WWNs), within the same zone definition.

Restarting the inet service (internet super-server) does NOT close existing open sockets. The service restarts but established connections remain active until properly closed by the applications using them.

Telemanagement Forum (TM Forum) is a global industry association that develops standards and frameworks for telecommunications operations. They work on newer business models and operational frameworks, making them the correct answer among the options.

Router transformations have two group types: Input Group (receives incoming data) and Output Group (routes data based on conditions). There is no separate Default or User Defined group type - these are routing conditions within Output Groups. Options B and C incorrectly include Default Group as a separate type.

Router transformations have two group types: Input Group (receives incoming data) and Output Group (routes data based on conditions). There is no separate Default or User Defined group type - these are routing conditions defined within Output Groups. Options B and C incorrectly include Default Group as a separate type.

IEEE 802.3 is the working group and standard that defines Ethernet. Other 802 standards cover different technologies: 802.5 is Token Ring, 802.11 covers Wi-Fi wireless networks, and 802.16 defines WiMAX broadband wireless. The 802.3 family specifically addresses wired Ethernet networking.

In traditional Ethernet (10BASE5 and 10BASE2), the maximum number of repeaters allowed in a path between any two stations was 4, creating 5 segments. This is known as the 5-4-3 rule: 5 segments, 4 repeaters, with only 3 segments populated. This rule was designed to limit collision domain timing and ensure proper collision detection. The 4 repeaters (or 5 segments) limit was a fundamental constraint in classic coaxial Ethernet networks.

TCP is connection-oriented and establishes virtual circuits through three-way handshaking, ensuring reliable delivery. UDP is connectionless and sends datagrams without establishing virtual circuits, prioritizing speed over reliability. Options B, C, and D incorrectly state that UDP provides virtual circuits or that neither protocol uses them.

PINE is a text-based email client for Unix systems, not an FTP tool. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) uses different tools like ftp, sftp, or wget/curl for file transfers. PINE was specifically designed for reading and composing email.

Bluetooth uses Synchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO) links for voice transmission because they provide guaranteed bandwidth and low latency required for real-time voice communication. Asynchronous Connectionless (ACL) links are for data, and radio waves/UV are transmission media, not Bluetooth link types.

Bluetooth uses frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) to minimize interference. It hops 1600 times per second across 79 channels in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. This rapid hopping makes the connection robust against interference. Option C (79 per second) confuses the number of channels with hop rate, while A and B use minutes instead of seconds.

A Bluetooth network formed when devices connect is called a piconet. One device acts as master and up to 7 others as slaves. PAN (Personal Area Network) is a broader category that includes piconets. LAN, WAN are larger scale networks. The question specifically asks for the Bluetooth network name.

Bluetooth operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band using radio waves. It does not use infrared (line-of-sight limitation) or UV rays (harmful, not used for short-range communication). Radio waves allow non-line-of-sight communication through walls and obstacles within the 10-100 meter range.

Bluetooth prevents interference through Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS). Devices hop 1600 times/second across 79 channels, so collisions are brief and retransmission handles them. L2CAP is a protocol layer above. 'Air sniffing' is not a Bluetooth term. Note: option has typo 'Hoping' instead of 'Hopping'.