Computer Networks

In computer networking, data is broken down into small, manageable units for transmission, which are referred to as packets.

In broadcast networks, if multiple devices attempt to transmit data on the shared channel simultaneously, their signals interfere with each other, which is known as a collision.

Broadcasting is the term used for sending a packet to all computers on a network segment. Multicasting is for a specific group, and unicasting is for a single destination.

LAN stands for Local Area Network, which is a network that connects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, or office building.

When a collision occurs, the data packets involved are typically corrupted or destroyed, leading to data loss and the need for retransmission.

Multicasting is the delivery of a message or data to a specific group of destination computers on a network. It is distinct from broadcasting (all) and unicasting (one).

In a Local Area Network (LAN), the physical distance is limited, which means the transmission time is bounded (predictable and finite).

In a broadcast network with a single shared channel, only one computer can successfully transmit at any given time to avoid collisions. If multiple computers transmit simultaneously, the signals collide.

WAN stands for Wide Area Network, which covers a broad area such as a city, country, or even the entire world.

Ethernet is the most widely used standard for Local Area Networks (LANs), defining how data is transmitted over the physical medium.

MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network, which is a network that covers a larger geographic area than a LAN, typically a city or a large campus.

Traditional Ethernet LANs typically operate at speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet). While modern LANs can be faster, 10-100 Mbps is the classic range for this context.

 Option 1 is right. Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for LAN. Ethernet was commercially introduced in 1980 and standard in 1983 as IEEE 802.3. IEEE 802.11 is a set of MAC and physical layer specifications for implementing WLAN computer communication in the 2.4, 3.6, 5 and 60 GHZ frequency band.

A bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers. It acts as the pathway for information exchange.

This option is correct because in star topology a central hub manages the whole network. If the central hub fails, the entire network goes down.