Computer Networks

This is the term used in an ATM network that gives the information flow along the path set up as a series of pointers through the network.

In this type of topology, a host is connected to one or two or more than two hosts. This topology may have hosts having point-to-point connection to every other hosts or may also have hosts which are having point to point connection to few hosts only. So, this is the answer.

A network of networks is commonly known as Internet or Inter network. So, this is the right option.

Fiber Optics is not a type of network. It is a type of cable. Except this option, all the other options are types of computer network. So, this is the correct answer.

If communication software is the 'traffic cop' that manages data flow, the modem acts as a 'bridge' that connects the digital world of computers to the analog world of telephone lines, enabling communication between the two different environments.

A spider network (also called centralized or star-network hybrid) has a central computer through which all activities must pass. All communications and processing are routed through this central hub. Ring networks have nodes connected in a circle, hierarchical networks have tree structures, and data control network is not a standard topology term.

Class A: 2^7 - 2 = 126 IDs (first and last reserved), Class B: 2^14 - 16 = 16,382 IDs, Class C: 2^21 - 256 = 2,097,088 IDs. However, the question asks how many CAN exist - all classes combined: 126 + 16,382 + 2,097,088 = 2,113,596.

FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) is a token-passing ring network standard operating at 100 Mbps over fiber optic cable. Its dual-ring architecture provides redundancy and high reliability for campus backbones.

Wide Area Networks operate over long distances using various transmission media. Telephone lines (leased lines), microwave links, and satellite communications are all common WAN backbone technologies.

In Ethernet LAN using CSMA/CD protocol, only one pair of stations can transmit data at any given time to avoid collisions. When one station is transmitting, all others must listen.

WAN connects devices over large geographical areas using communication satellites and telephone lines. Unlike LAN which covers small areas, WAN spans countries or continents.

LAN connects computers within a small geographical area like a building or campus without using telephone lines. It's designed for local resource sharing.

LANs enable microcomputer users in a local area to share resources like data, software, and hardware devices. This is the primary purpose of local area networking.

Half-duplex mode allows data transmission in both directions, but not at the same time. Devices take turns transmitting and receiving, like walkie-talkies.