Computer Memory and Storage

The statement is false - volatile memory DOES lose contents when power is switched off. RAM is the classic example of volatile memory. Non-volatile memory (ROM, flash, hard disk) retains data without power. The correct answer is False because the statement's definition is wrong.

Correct Answer: Erasable & programmable read only memory

Magnetic tape is a sequential access medium - data must be accessed in the order it was written. Unlike disks, tape cannot jump directly to any location. To reach specific data, you must fast-forward through all preceding content, making sequential access mandatory. Direct (Option A) and Random (Option B) access describe disk-based systems where any location can be reached directly.

Seek time is the time required for the disk's read/write head to move to the correct track where data is located. It's one component of total disk access time. Rotational delay (Option B) or latency (Option C) is the additional time waiting for the correct sector to rotate under the head. Seek time only measures the radial movement, not rotational positioning.

Internal memory (RAM) is the primary memory that directly communicates with the CPU. It holds the programs and data currently being executed because the CPU can only directly access data in internal memory. Mass memory is secondary storage, non-volatile memory retains data without power, and PROM is a type of read-only memory.

An offline device is not connected to or under the direct control of the CPU. Offline devices operate independently and require manual intervention to connect or transfer data. Online devices remain connected and communicate directly with the CPU. The term specifically refers to the disconnected state.

RAM is called short-term memory because it is volatile - it loses all data when power is removed. This volatility makes it temporary storage for active programs and data. While RAM is expensive and has smaller capacity than secondary storage, its volatility is the key reason it's considered 'short' memory. Programmability is irrelevant to this classification.

Baud measures the number of signal units or symbols transmitted per second over a communication channel. It represents the rate at which data travels over the communication line. The other options are unrelated: memory capacity is measured in bytes, execution time in clock cycles or seconds, and a small initialization program is called a bootstrap loader.

Spanned volume can be created by selecting free space from more than 1 hard disk.

Differential backup backs up all selected files and folders and after backup, does not remove the archive bit. 

This component of common language runtime performs the necessary operations to reclaim their memory.

The buddy system of partitioning allocates spaces in sizes of power of 2. There are two ways in which the buddy system allocates space. Suppose we have a hole which is the closest power of two, in that case, that hole is used for allocation. In case we do not have that situation then we look for the next power of 2 hole size, split it in two equal halves and allocate one of these. Because we always split the holes in two equal sizes, the two are "buddies". Hence, the name buddy system.

Placement policy determines where a process piece is to reside in real memory.

Internal fragmentation occurs when a memory partition is allocated to a process but the process doesn't use the entire block. The unused portion within the partition is wasted and cannot be allocated to other processes. This happens in fixed-size partition schemes.