Computer Fundamentals and System Concepts

The Operating System is fundamental system software that manages hardware resources and provides services for applications. Option A is correct - OS makes computers usable/functional. Option B is false - OS is system software, not application software (like Word or Chrome). Option C is false - laptops also need OS. Option D is false - Excel is application software, not an OS.

Software is broadly categorized into two main types: System Software and Application Software. System Software includes operating systems and utility programs that manage the computer hardware. Application Software includes programs designed for end-users such as word processors, web browsers, and games.

Anti-virus software is specifically designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious software (malware) including viruses, worms, trojans, and spyware. While firewalls provide network security, anti-virus software is the primary tool for protecting against virus threats.

A computer is fundamentally used for computing (processing), storing, comparing, and retrieving data. These core functions define what computers do across all applications. Option D correctly encapsulates the four essential operations.

Unlike humans, computers do not possess emotions or feelings. They process data logically without any emotional component. Option B correctly identifies this fundamental difference between human and machine intelligence.

Microchip technology is fundamental to personal computers, which use integrated circuits for processing, memory, and control. Option C correctly identifies that PCs are built around chip technology. Note: options lists 'personal computer' with a leading space.

 Computerisation of all the library house-keeping. operations is known as library automation. It is done using application software.

MINISIS is a database management system specifically designed to operate on Hewlett-Packard (HP) 3000 series computers. It was widely used in library and information systems. The other options - VAX systems (A), CDC systems (C), and IBM systems (D) - represent different hardware platforms that MINISIS was not designed for.

All are search engines, except Windows Vista.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was developed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. It was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, weighing 30 tons and containing 18,000 vacuum tubes.

Intel Corporation developed the Pentium microprocessor family, which became the most widely used CPU architecture in personal computers during the 1990s and early 2000s. The Pentium brand represented Intel's flagship x86 processor line and dominated the PC market for over a decade. AMD was Intel's main competitor in the processor market, while IBM and Dell were computer manufacturers that used processors from Intel and AMD.

Analog computers represent and manipulate data as physical quantities that vary continuously, such as voltage, mechanical position, or fluid flow. They differ from digital computers which use discrete binary values. Examples include slide rules, mechanical differential analyzers, and early process control systems.

IBM's first electronic computer was the IBM 701, also known as the Defense Calculator, announced in 1952 and released in 1953. It was IBM's first production computer and used vacuum tubes. ENIAC was built by the University of Pennsylvania, not IBM. Deep Blue came much later in the 1990s.

The first part of the sentence deals with something that computers do; the second part deals with the final aspect of a two-part process. Of all these options, (1) and (4) seems to fit our prediction. “Collate” means to compare or examine, which implies that information is examined and then a picture is created whereas ‘extrapolation’ is done from existing information and an investigation would not be a consequence. Hence, (1) is the answer.

The shell is not part of system kernel, but uses the system kernel to execute programs, create files, etc.