Social Science

Cognitive Biases and Decision Making

1,902 Questions

Explore a curated set of questions on cognitive biases, decision making, and behavioral economics. These concepts evaluate how social norms, emotions, and heuristics influence human judgment and group behavior. Master these topics to build a strong foundation for psychology and social science exams.

Behavioral economicsSocial group influencesEmotional decision makingConfirmation bias

Cognitive Biases and Decision Making Questions

Multiple choice

Which cultural phenomenon refers to the tendency for individuals to perceive and interpret information in a way that is consistent with their cultural beliefs and values?

  1. Cultural Bias

  2. Cultural Relativism

  3. Cultural Schema

  4. Cultural Cognition
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cultural cognition refers to the cognitive processes and mental structures that are shaped by cultural factors and influence how individuals perceive, interpret, and remember information.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency for individuals to remember information that is consistent with their cultural beliefs and values and to forget information that is inconsistent?

  1. Cultural Amnesia

  2. Cultural Forgetting

  3. Cultural Memory Bias

  4. Cultural Selective Memory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cultural selective memory refers to the tendency for individuals to remember information that is consistent with their cultural beliefs and values and to forget information that is inconsistent.

Multiple choice

Which cultural phenomenon refers to the tendency for individuals to perceive and interpret information in a way that is biased towards their own cultural group?

  1. Cultural Ethnocentrism

  2. Cultural Relativism

  3. Cultural Universalism

  4. Cultural Pluralism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cultural ethnocentrism refers to the tendency for individuals to perceive and interpret information in a way that is biased towards their own cultural group and to view other cultures as inferior.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency for individuals to remember information that is personally relevant to them and to forget information that is not?

  1. Personal Memory Bias

  2. Personal Selective Memory

  3. Personal Amnesia

  4. Personal Forgetting
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Personal selective memory refers to the tendency for individuals to remember information that is personally relevant to them and to forget information that is not.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency for individuals to remember information that is consistent with their religious beliefs and values and to forget information that is inconsistent?

  1. Religious Amnesia

  2. Religious Forgetting

  3. Religious Memory Bias

  4. Religious Selective Memory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Religious selective memory refers to the tendency for individuals to remember information that is consistent with their religious beliefs and values and to forget information that is inconsistent.

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where legal technology systems make decisions based on historical data, potentially perpetuating biases and discrimination?

  1. Algorithmic bias

  2. Data bias

  3. Historical bias

  4. Systemic bias
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Algorithmic bias refers to the situation where an algorithm makes decisions based on historical data that contains biases, leading to discriminatory outcomes.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of experiencing a negative health outcome?

  1. Optimism bias

  2. Pessimism bias

  3. Illusion of control

  4. Confirmation bias
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pessimism bias refers to the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of experiencing a negative health outcome, such as a disease or injury.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency to seek out information that confirms existing beliefs and ignore information that contradicts them?

  1. Confirmation bias

  2. Disconfirmation bias

  3. Illusion of control

  4. Optimism bias
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to seek out information that confirms existing beliefs and ignore information that contradicts them, leading to a distorted view of reality.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and one's failures to external factors?

  1. Self-serving bias

  2. Illusion of control

  3. Optimism bias

  4. Confirmation bias
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Self-serving bias refers to the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors (e.g., skill, effort) and one's failures to external factors (e.g., bad luck, unfair circumstances).

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency to underestimate the likelihood of experiencing a negative health outcome?

  1. Optimism bias

  2. Pessimism bias

  3. Illusion of control

  4. Confirmation bias
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Optimism bias refers to the tendency to underestimate the likelihood of experiencing a negative health outcome, such as a disease or injury.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency to believe that one has more control over events than one actually does?

  1. Optimism bias

  2. Pessimism bias

  3. Illusion of control

  4. Confirmation bias
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Illusion of control refers to the tendency to believe that one has more control over events than one actually does, leading to an overestimation of one's ability to influence outcomes.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency to believe that one is less likely to experience a negative health outcome than others?

  1. Optimism bias

  2. Pessimism bias

  3. Illusion of control

  4. Comparative optimism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Comparative optimism refers to the tendency to believe that one is less likely to experience a negative health outcome than others, even if the objective risk is the same.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where people tend to underestimate the risks associated with environmental hazards?

  1. Optimism bias

  2. Risk perception bias

  3. Environmental risk perception bias

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Environmental risk perception bias refers to the tendency for people to underestimate the risks associated with environmental hazards, such as air pollution or climate change.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where people tend to overestimate the benefits of environmental actions?

  1. Optimism bias

  2. Risk perception bias

  3. Environmental benefit perception bias

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Environmental benefit perception bias refers to the tendency for people to overestimate the benefits of environmental actions, such as recycling or using renewable energy.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where people tend to ignore or downplay environmental problems?

  1. Environmental denial

  2. Environmental apathy

  3. Environmental disengagement

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Environmental denial refers to the psychological phenomenon where people tend to ignore or downplay environmental problems, often due to cognitive biases or emotional discomfort.