Social Science

Cognitive Biases and Decision Making

1,902 Questions

Explore a curated set of questions on cognitive biases, decision making, and behavioral economics. These concepts evaluate how social norms, emotions, and heuristics influence human judgment and group behavior. Master these topics to build a strong foundation for psychology and social science exams.

Behavioral economicsSocial group influencesEmotional decision makingConfirmation bias

Cognitive Biases and Decision Making Questions

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency to perceive and interpret information in a way that confirms existing beliefs and expectations about gender?

  1. Confirmation Bias

  2. Gender Bias

  3. Stereotype Threat

  4. Gender Identity Disorder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Confirmation Bias refers to the tendency to seek out and interpret information in a way that confirms existing beliefs and expectations, including those related to gender.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency to experience anxiety or underperform in situations where one's gender identity or expression is threatened?

  1. Confirmation Bias

  2. Gender Bias

  3. Stereotype Threat

  4. Gender Identity Disorder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Stereotype Threat refers to the anxiety or underperformance experienced by individuals when they are aware of negative stereotypes associated with their gender or other social group.

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where individuals with higher IQ scores tend to have better outcomes in life, such as higher educational attainment, better job opportunities, and higher income?

  1. The Intelligence Advantage

  2. The IQ-Success Correlation

  3. The Flynn Effect

  4. The Matthew Effect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The IQ-Success Correlation refers to the phenomenon where individuals with higher IQ scores tend to have better outcomes in life.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the phenomenon in which consumers become desensitized to privacy risks over time?

  1. Privacy fatigue

  2. Privacy apathy

  3. Privacy indifference

  4. Privacy numbness
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Privacy fatigue is the term for the phenomenon in which consumers become desensitized to privacy risks over time.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the phenomenon in which the perception of color is influenced by the cultural and linguistic context?

  1. Color symbolism

  2. Color association

  3. Color categorization

  4. Color universals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Color symbolism is the phenomenon in which the perception of color is influenced by the cultural and linguistic context. Different cultures and languages may associate different meanings and symbols with different colors.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the phenomenon in which the perception of color is influenced by the expectations and beliefs of the observer?

  1. Color constancy

  2. Color contrast

  3. Color symbolism

  4. Color expectation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Color expectation is the phenomenon in which the perception of color is influenced by the expectations and beliefs of the observer. For example, a person who expects to see a red object may be more likely to perceive an object as red, even if it is actually a different color.

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where the relationship between two variables changes depending on the level of aggregation of the data?

  1. Simpson's paradox

  2. Ecological fallacy

  3. Confounding

  4. Bias
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Simpson's paradox refers to the phenomenon where the relationship between two variables changes depending on the level of aggregation of the data. For example, a positive association between two variables at the individual level may become a negative association at the aggregate level.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the unconscious bias that leads individuals to perceive and interpret information in a way that confirms their existing beliefs and expectations?

  1. Confirmation bias

  2. Gender bias

  3. Stereotype bias

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Confirmation bias is the unconscious bias that leads individuals to perceive and interpret information in a way that confirms their existing beliefs and expectations. This bias can influence how individuals interpret gendered language and can contribute to the perpetuation of gender stereotypes.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a way in which social comparison can influence emotion?

  1. It can make us feel happy when we compare ourselves favorably to others

  2. It can make us feel sad when we compare ourselves unfavorably to others

  3. It can motivate us to improve ourselves

  4. It can make us more likely to experience negative emotions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Social comparison can make us feel happy, sad, or motivated, but it does not make us more likely to experience negative emotions.

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where people tend to share information that confirms their existing beliefs and values, while ignoring or dismissing information that contradicts them?

  1. Confirmation bias

  2. Groupthink

  3. Selective perception

  4. Cognitive dissonance
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Confirmation bias is the tendency for people to seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs and values, while ignoring or dismissing information that contradicts them. This can lead to a distorted view of reality and make it difficult to engage in open-minded and informed discussions. Confirmation bias is particularly relevant in the context of social media, where users are often exposed to content that is tailored to their interests and preferences.

Multiple choice

The tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors is known as:

  1. Self-Serving Bias

  2. Confirmation Bias

  3. Fundamental Attribution Error

  4. Illusion of Control
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Self-serving bias is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to take credit for their successes while blaming external factors for their failures.

Multiple choice

The tendency to perceive patterns and connections where none exist is known as:

  1. Confirmation Bias

  2. Illusion of Control

  3. Pareidolia

  4. Apophenia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Apophenia refers to the human tendency to perceive meaningful patterns or connections in random or meaningless data.

Multiple choice

The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of rare events and underestimate the likelihood of common events is known as:

  1. Availability Heuristic

  2. Representativeness Heuristic

  3. Illusion of Control

  4. Confirmation Bias
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The availability heuristic is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily instances of that event come to mind.

Multiple choice

The tendency to believe that one has more control over events than one actually does is known as:

  1. Illusion of Control

  2. Confirmation Bias

  3. Fundamental Attribution Error

  4. Self-Serving Bias
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The illusion of control refers to the tendency for individuals to overestimate their ability to control events or outcomes, even when they have little or no actual control.

Multiple choice

The tendency to seek out information that confirms one's existing beliefs and disregard information that contradicts them is known as:

  1. Confirmation Bias

  2. Illusion of Control

  3. Fundamental Attribution Error

  4. Self-Serving Bias
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs and disregard information that contradicts them.