Chemistry

Chemistry of Gases and Applications

1,190 Questions

The chemistry of gases covers atmospheric composition, noble gases, and various applications of gas compounds in industrial and biological processes. Understanding the properties of common gases, their reactions, and environmental occurrences is vital for general science sections. Use these questions to practice identifying gases and their specific uses.

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Chemistry of Gases and Applications Questions

Multiple choice chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

Assertion (A): A mixture of $CaCN _2$ and graphite is known as nitration mixture.
Reason (R) : $NH _3$ is collected by downward displacement of air.

  1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

  2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

  3. (A) is true and (R) is false

  4. (A) is false but (R) is true
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

$HNO _{3}+H _{2}SO _{4}$ is known as nitration mixture. So, A is wrong.
$NH _{3}$ is collected by downward displacement of air as $NH _{3}$ is lighter than air.

Multiple choice chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

Which of the following catalyst is used in the Haber process for the manufacture of ammonia?

  1. Platinized asbestos

  2. Iron with a suitable promoter

  3. Copper oxide

  4. Alumina
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Haber process, also called the Haber Bosch process, is the industrial implementation of the reaction of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas. It is the main industrial procedure to produce ammonia and catalyst used is iron with a suitable  promoter like $K _2O$, $CaO$, $SiO _2$, and $Al _2O _3$.
Option B is correct.

Multiple choice chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

Ammonia gas is not prepared by :

  1. reduction of sodium nitrite or sodium nitrate by the reaction of zinc dust and sodium hydroxide

  2. hydrolysis of calcium cyanamide

  3. heating ammonium chloride with slaked lime
  4. heating of $(NH _4) _2Cr _2O _7$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

(A) $NO _2^-+7[H]^-\xrightarrow {Zn/NaOH} NH _3+2H _2O; NO _3^-+9[H]^-\xrightarrow {Zn/NaOH} NH _3+3H _2O$
(B) $CaCN _2+3H _2O\rightarrow CaCO _3+2NH _3$
(C) $NH _4Cl+Ca(OH) _2\rightarrow 2NH _3+CaCl _2+2H _2O$
(D) $(NH _4) _2Cr _2O _7\rightarrow N _2+Cr _2O _3+4H _2O$

Multiple choice chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

In Haber process 30 litres of dihydrogen and 30 litres of dinitrogen were taken for reaction which yielded only 50% of the expected product. What will be the composition of gaseous mixture under the aforesaid condition in the end?

  1. 20 litres ammonia. 20 litres nitrogen, 20 litres hydrogen

  2. 10 litres ammonia, 25 litres nitrogen, 15 litres hydrogen

  3. 20 litres ammonia, 10 litres nitrogen, 30 litres hydrogen

  4. 20 litres ammonia, 25 litres nitrogen, 15 litres hydrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The reaction is N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3. With 30L of each, H2 is the limiting reagent. Theoretical yield is 20L of NH3. At 50% yield, 10L of NH3 is produced. This consumes 5L of N2 and 15L of H2. Remaining: 25L N2, 15L H2, 10L NH3.

Multiple choice chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

In Haber process $30L$ of Dihydrogen and $30L$ of dinitrogen were taken for reaction which yielded only $50\% $of the expected product . what will be the composition of gaseous mixture under the aforesaid condition in the end?  

  1. $20L$ ammonia $10L$ nitrogen , $30L$ hydrogen
  2. $20L$ ammonia , $125L$ nitrogen , $25L$ ydrogen
  3. $20L$ ammonia , $20L$ nitrogen , $20L$hydrogen
  4. $10L$ ammonia , $25L$nitrogen , $15L$ hydrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The reaction is N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3. With 30L of each, H2 is the limiting reagent. Theoretical yield is 20L of NH3. At 50% yield, 10L of NH3 is produced. This consumes 5L of N2 and 15L of H2. Remaining: 25L N2, 15L H2, 10L NH3.

Multiple choice chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

Industrially, ammonia is obtained by direct combination between nitrogen and hydrogen. The formation of ammonia is promoted at:

  1. 1000 atm

  2. 200 atm

  3. 25 atm

  4. 1 atm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Ammonia is prepared industrially by Haber's process.

In this process, dinitrogen directly reacts with Dihydrogen in $1:3$ in presence of iron catalyst with promoters as oxides of potassium or aluminium.
The physical conditions required for this process are $200-300$ atm pressure and $400-450^0C$ temperature.

Multiple choice chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

How is ammonia collected?

  1. Ammonia is less dense than air so it is collected by upward delivery.

  2. Ammonia is more dense than air so it is collected by upward delivery.

  3. Ammonia is more dense than air so it is collected by downward delivery.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ammonia is less dense than air so it is collected by upward delivery or gas syringe method.
In upward delivery method a gas jar is connected by a tube to flask that is giving off gas. The gas that is less dense than air rises to the top of gas jar. The air in the gas jar is displaced until the gas jar is filled with collected gas. Ammonia is very soluble gas so the collection apparatus should be dry and not collected over water.

Multiple choice chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

 In commercial industry, ammonia is prepared by :

  1. decomposition of salts

  2. contact process

  3. arc process

  4. combining hydrogen and nitrogen gases (Haber process)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

 In commercial industry, ammonia is prepared by combining hydrogen and nitrogen gases (Haber process).
$N _2 + 3H _2 \rightleftharpoons 2NH _3+24\ kcal$

Multiple choice chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

Pressure is increased in the Haber process for making ammonia. It favors :

  1. the reverse reaction

  2. the forward reaction

  3. neither reaction

  4. none
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pressure is increased in the Haber process for making ammonia. It favors the forward reaction.
$\displaystyle N _2 + 3H _2 \rightarrow 2NH _3$
The reaction proceeds with decrease in the number of moles of gaseous species. With increase in pressure, the equilibrium shifts in forward direction with decrease in the number of moles of gaseous species so that, the effect of increased pressure is nullified.

Multiple choice chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

Which compounds is related to Haber's process:

  1. $CO _2$
  2. $H _2$
  3. $NO _2$
  4. $NH _3$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Haber's process is used to synthesize ammonia ($NH _3$) from nitrogen and hydrogen gases using in 1:3 ratio and $Fe,Mo$ is used as catalyst and promoter respectively.
$N _2+3H _2\xrightarrow[Fe]{Mo}2NH _3$
Hence option D is correct

Multiple choice chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

Formation of ammonia will be favorable in the following cases(s):
$N _2(g)\,+\,3H _2(g)\rightarrow2NH _3(g)$      $\Delta H\,<\,0$

  1. Addition of inert gas at constant volume

  2. Decreasing the volume of the container

  3. Addition of inert gas at constant pressure

  4. Increasing the pressure
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • In accordance with Le Chatelier’s principle, high pressure would favour the formation of ammonia. The optimum conditions for the production of ammonia are a pressure of 200 × 105 Pa (about 200 atm), a temperature of ~ 700 K and the use of a catalyst such as iron oxide with small amounts of $K _2O$ and $Al _2O _3$ to increase the rate of attainment of equilibrium.
  • Addition of an inert gas at constant volume: When an inert gas is added to the system in equilibrium at constant volume, the total pressure will increase. But the concentrations of the products and reactants (i.e. ratio of their moles to the volume of the container) will not change.
  • Hence, option A is correct answer as addition of ideal gas increases pressure and thus favours formation of Ammonia.