Chemistry of Gases and Applications

Ammonia is commonly used as a refrigerant in industrial and commercial refrigeration systems due to its thermodynamic properties.

To breathe underwater a diver must be supplied air at a pressure equal to that of the water surrounding the diver. Air of course is a suitable breathing mixture for a diver based primarily on nitrogen as the oxygen diluent. Beyond this depth helium is preferred as the diluent and is in fact particularly well suited to the depth. Helium does not cause narcosis at these pressures, is relatively inexpensive and is readily available.

A mixture of oxygen and helium is used by deep divers for respiration.

Air is a homogeneous mixture of various gases, primarily nitrogen and oxygen, along with trace amounts of other substances. It is not a pure element or a single compound.

ANS 1.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), commonly used for cooking, is primarily a mixture of propane and butane.

Fluorescent tubes contain a small amount of mercury vapor and an inert gas like argon to facilitate the electrical discharge that produces ultraviolet light, which then excites the phosphor coating.

Inert gases like Argon are typically used in bulbs to prevent the filament from burning out. Helium is an inert gas, though Argon is more common; among the choices, Helium is the only inert gas.

 Nitrogen fixation is the process, which converts atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen salts, ammonification refers to formation of ammonia from organic nitrogen, and denitrification refers to the conversion of nitrogen salts into atmospheric nitrogen back. To keep the percentage of nitrogen constant in the atmosphere, all these processes along with some other go simultaneously and the process in known as nitrogen cycle. 

Plants and animals contain nitrogen as a major constituent of their body in form of proteins in major. The percentage of atmospheric nitrogen i.e. N₂ gas is very high but it cannot be directly used and utilized by living organisms. Nitrogen does not exist in elemental form as N so can not be used also. The gaseous N¬2 from the atmospheric is first converted into such compounds, which are readily used by plants and animals and thus is the correct option

Incandescent bulbs are filled with inert gases like Argon or Nitrogen to prevent the filament from burning up due to oxidation. Nitrogen is a common choice among the options provided.

CNG is the Compressed Natural Gas.

Chlorodifluoromethane is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC). It is commonly used as a propellant and in air conditioning applications. It is a versatile intermediate in industrial organofluorine chemistry, e.g. as a precursor to tetrafluoroethylene.

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is primarily composed of methane, with smaller amounts of ethane and other hydrocarbons.

This option is correct because during the reaction of hydrocarbon and oxides of N₂ in presence of ultraviolet light, O₃, PAN and aldehydes all are produced.