Chemistry of Gases and Applications

Indium arsenide is a semiconductor material. It has the appearance of grey cubic crystals with a melting point 942 °C. Indium arsenide is used for construction of infrared detectors, for the wavelength range of 1-3.8 µm. The detectors are usually photovoltaic photodiodes.

Germane is the chemical compound with the formula GeH4, and the germanium analogue of methane. It is the simplest germanium hydride and one of the most useful compounds of germanium. It is tetrahedral. It burns in air to produce GeO2 and water.

Diborane is a colourless gas at room temperature with a repulsively sweet odour. Diborane mixes well with air, easily forming explosive mixtures. Diborane will ignite spontaneously in moist air at room temperature.

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or sweet air is a chemical compound with the formula N₂O. It is a colourless non-flammable gas, with a slightly sweet odour and taste. It is used in surgery and dentistry for its anesthetic and analgesic effects.

Diazomethane is the chemical compound CH₂N₂. It is one of the most common diazo compounds. In the pure form at room temperature, it is a famously explosive yellow gas. Diazomethane is always prepared as needed as a solution in ether and used as such.

Marsh gas is primarily methane (CH4), which forms in wetlands, swamps, and marshes through the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter by methanogenic bacteria. It bubbles up through the water and can be ignited, giving it the name 'will-o'-the-wisp' in folklore.

Argon constitutes approximately 0.93% of Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant noble gas. Other noble gases like helium, neon, and krypton are present in much smaller quantities.

 Ammonium chloride is an ingredient in fireworks and safety and contact explosives.So it is suitable for pyrotechnics.

Beryllium hydride, is a chemical compound of beryllium and hydrogen, commonly used in rocket fuel. Unlike the ionically bonded hydrides of the heavier Group 2 elements, beryllium hydride is covalently bonded.

Aluminium phosphide is an inorganic compound used as a wide band gap semiconductor and a fumigant. This colourless solid is generally sold as a grey-green-yellow powder due to the presence of impurities arising from hydrolysis and oxidation.

Ozone has bent geometry.

Spark ionization is a method used to produce gas phase ions from a solid sample. The prepared solid sample is vapourized and partially ionized by an intermittent discharge or spark.

A cold gas thruster is a rocket engine/thruster that uses a typically inert gas as the reaction mass. A cold gas thruster usually simply consists of a pressurized tank containing gas, a valve to control its release and a nozzle, and plumbing connecting them.

Early Earth had a reducing atmosphere composed mainly of methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor. Free oxygen was essentially absent because it reacts rapidly with reducing compounds and was only produced later by photosynthetic organisms.

Earth's primitive atmosphere was reducing in nature, containing methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor but lacking free oxygen. Free oxygen only accumulated after the evolution of photosynthetic organisms billions of years later.