Chemistry of Gases and Applications

Biogas usually contains about 55 - 65% methane.

LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) primarily contains a mixture of propane and butane gases. These hydrocarbons can be easily liquefied under moderate pressure, making them ideal for storage and transport in cylinders for domestic and industrial use.

Carbon dioxide is commonly used in fire extinguishers because it's denser than air, so it settles over the fire and displaces oxygen. It also doesn't support combustion and helps cool the fire. Carbon monoxide is toxic and flammable, while sulphur dioxide is itself a toxic gas.

Chlorine is not naturally present in Earth's atmosphere as a stable gas component. The atmosphere primarily consists of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), argon, carbon dioxide (0.04%), and trace gases. Chlorine exists as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from human activity but not naturally. Option A has a typo ('Nitorgen' instead of 'Nitrogen').

Ammonia (NH3) is a compound composed of two different elements (nitrogen and hydrogen) chemically bonded in a fixed ratio. Air is a mixture of gases, Mercury is a pure element, and Ozone (O3) is a molecule of the same element. A compound must contain at least two different elements.

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is commonly called 'laughing gas' because it causes euphoria and laughter when inhaled. It's used as an anesthetic and analgesic in medical and dental procedures. The other options are incorrect: carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas, vanadium pentoxide is used in sulfuric acid production, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas with a rotten egg smell.

Ammonia is widely used in refrigeration plants and ice plants due to its excellent thermodynamic properties and low cost. It absorbs heat readily during evaporation, making it ideal for cooling applications. Noble gases like Xenon, Neon, and Argon are inert and not used in refrigeration.

It is known as Producer gas.

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or sweet air is a chemical compound with the formula N₂O. It is a colourless non-flammable gas, with a slightly sweet odour and taste. It is used in surgery and dentistry for its anesthetic and analgesic effects.

Dehydroacetic acid is a pyrone derivative used mostly as a fungicide and bactericide. It is used to reduce pickle bloating as a preservative for squash and strawberries. Also used in antienzyme toothpastes.

Marsh gas is primarily methane (CH4), which forms in wetlands, swamps, and marshes through the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter by methanogenic bacteria. It bubbles up through the water and can be ignited, giving it the name 'will-o'-the-wisp' in folklore.

Argon constitutes approximately 0.93% of Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant noble gas. Other noble gases like helium, neon, and krypton are present in much smaller quantities.

 Ammonium chloride is an ingredient in fireworks and safety and contact explosives.So it is suitable for pyrotechnics.

Barium sulfate is a low surface area material used as a support for selectively hydrogenating functional groups sensitive to overreduction.