Common Chemical Compounds and Reactions

Disodium inosinate (E631) is the disodium salt of inosinic acid with the chemical formula C₁₀H₁₁N₄Na₂O₈P. It is used as a food additive and often found in instant noodles, potato chips, and variety of other snacks.

Calcium iodate is a compound of calcium and iodate anion. Its formula is Ca(IO₃)₂. It is used as a dough conditioner. Calcium iodate is an oxidant added to lotions and ointments as an antiseptic and deodorant. It may be formed by the anodic oxidation of calcium iodide.

Magnesium chloride is used for a variety of other applications besides the production of magnesium: the manufacture of textiles, paper, fireproofing agents, cements and refrigeration brine, and dust and erosion control. Mixed with hydrated magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride forms a hard material called Sorel cement.

Calcium ascorbate is a compound with the molecular formula CaC₁₂H₁₄O₁₂. It is the calcium salt of ascorbic acid, one of the mineral ascorbates. As a food additive, it has the E number E302. Among its many uses is to keep apples fresh, so they do not turn brown quickly.

Magnesium oxide is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium. It has an empirical formula of MgO. It is relatively poor dessicant, but because it neutralizes sulphur oxide acids created by oxidation of Kraft-processed papers, it is used by many libraries for preserving books.

Magnesium sulphate is a chemical compound containing magnesium, sulphur and oxygen. It is often encountered as the heptahydrate epsomite (MgSO₄·7H₂O), commonly called Epsom salt. Anhydrous magnesium sulphate is used as a drying agent.

Magnesium L-threonate is a magnesium salt of L-threonic acid having the formula Mg(C₄H₇O₅)₂. Researchers have found that magnesium L-threonate administered to rats significantly boosts their cognitive abilities, and suggest that the same effect may occur in humans, although this remains to be tested.

Potassium benzoate, the potassium salt of benzoic acid, is a food preservative that inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria. It works best in low-pH products, below 4.5, where it exists as benzoic acid. Acidic foods and beverages such as fruit juice (citric acid), sparkling drinks (carbonic acid), soft drinks (phosphoric acid), and pickles (vinegar) may be preserved with potassium benzoate.

Potassium hexachloroplatinate, an inorganic compound, is an example of a comparatively insoluble potassium salt.The precipitation of this compound from solutions of hexachloroplatinic acid is used for the determination of potassium by gravimetry.

Potassium gluconate is a mineral supplement and sequestrant. Potassium gluconate is a loosely bound salt of potassium and gluconic acid. Potassium is essential to life. It is involved with sodium in maintaining the body's acid-base balance and promoting physiological and metabolic processes.

The chemical symbol for sodium is Na, which is derived from the Latin word Natrium. Argentum is silver, and Kalium is potassium.

Sodium thiosulphate is commonly known as 'hypo' and is used in photography to dissolve unexposed silver halides from the film or paper, thus fixing the image.

Na2O (sodium oxide), NaOH (sodium hydroxide), and NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide) all exhibit basic properties in aqueous solutions. Therefore, all of the listed options are bases.

Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) reacts with chlorine gas to produce calcium oxychloride, commonly known as bleaching powder.

Highly reactive alkali metals like sodium and potassium react vigorously with moisture and oxygen in the air. Kerosene oil is used to store them because it is non-reactive and prevents contact with air.